Studientyp:
Epidemiologische Studie
Childhood leukemia risk in the California Power Line Study: Magnetic fields versus distance from power lines
epidem.
[Risiko für Leukämie im Kindesalter in der California Power Line Study: Magnetfelder versus Abstand von der Hochspannungsleitung]
Von:
Crespi CM, Swanson J, Vergara XP, Kheifets L
Veröffentlicht in: Environ Res 2019; 171: 530-535
Ziel der Studie (lt. Autor)
Weitere Details
Endpunkt/Art der Risikoabschätzung
Art der Abschätzung:
(Odds Ratio (OR))
Exposition
Abschätzung
Expositionsgruppen
|
Gruppe
|
Charakteristik
|
|
Referenzgruppe 1
|
Abstand der Wohnadresse bei Geburt zur nächsten Hochspannungsfreileitung: ≥ 600 m
|
|
Gruppe 2
|
Abstand der Wohnadresse bei Geburt zur nächsten Hochspannungsfreileitung: 500 - 600 m
|
|
Gruppe 3
|
Abstand der Wohnadresse bei Geburt zur nächsten Hochspannungsfreileitung: 400 - 500 m
|
|
Gruppe 4
|
Abstand der Wohnadresse bei Geburt zur nächsten Hochspannungsfreileitung: 300 - 400 m
|
|
Gruppe 5
|
Abstand der Wohnadresse bei Geburt zur nächsten Hochspannungsfreileitung: 200 - 300 m
|
|
Gruppe 6
|
Abstand der Wohnadresse bei Geburt zur nächsten Hochspannungsfreileitung: 100 - 200 m
|
|
Gruppe 7
|
Abstand der Wohnadresse bei Geburt zur nächsten Hochspannungsfreileitung: 50 - 100 m
|
|
Gruppe 8
|
Abstand der Wohnadresse bei Geburt zur nächsten Hochspannungsfreileitung: 0 - 50 m
|
|
Referenzgruppe 9
|
magnetische Flussdichte: < 0,1 µT
|
|
Gruppe 10
|
magnetische Flussdichte: ≥ 0,1 - < 0,2 µT
|
|
Gruppe 11
|
magnetische Flussdichte: ≥ 0,2 - < 0,4 µT
|
|
Gruppe 12
|
magnetische Flussdichte: ≥ 0,4 µT
|
Population
-
Gruppe:
-
Alter:
0–14 Jahre
-
Beobachtungszeitraum:
1986 - 2008
-
Studienort:
USA (Kalifornien)
Fallgruppe
-
Merkmale:
Kinder aus der California Power Line Study (CAPS)
-
Datenquelle:
Krebsregister von Kalifornien
-
Ausschlusskriterien:
unzureichende Addressangaben für genaue Geokodierung
Kontrollgruppe
Studiengröße
|
Fälle |
Kontrollen |
| Anzahl auswertbar |
4.879 |
4.835 |
Statistische Analysemethode:
- logistische Regression
- Regression-Spline-Analyse, Wechselwirkungs-Analyse
(
Anpassung:
- Alter
- Geschlecht
- sozioökonomischer Status
- ethnische Herkunft
)
Ergebnisse (lt. Autor)
Bei 28 Kindern (Fälle und Kontrollen) betrugen die berechneten Magnetfelder ≥ 0,4 μT und bei 38 Kindern war der Abstand zu Hochspannungsfreileitungen (≥ 200 kV) weniger als 50 m. Bei 16 Kindern betrugen der Abstand zu Hochspannungsleitungen (≥ 200 kV) weniger als 50 m und die berechneten Magnetfeldern ≥ 0,4 μT.
1. Bei der Untersuchung der Wechselwirkung zwischen dem Abstand und der Magnetfeld-Exposition wurde gefunden, dass weder die Wohnnähe zu einer Hochspannungsfreileitung allein noch die Exposition bei stärkeren berechneten Magnetfeldern mit dem Risiko für Kinderleukämie zusammenhingen. Vielmehr war ein erhöhtes Risiko (OR 4,06; KI 1,16-14,3) auf die Gruppe beschränkt, die sowohl einen geringen Abstand zu Hochspannungsfreileitungen (< 50 m) als auch hohe berechnete Magnetfeldern (≥ 0,4 µT) aufwies.
2. Außerdem hingen stärkere Magnetfelder (≥ 0,4 µT), die alleinig von Leitungen mit niedrigerer Spannung (< 200 kV) stammten, nicht mit einem erhöhten Risiko zusammen, vielmehr, war es auf die Magnetfelder von Hochspannungsfreileitungen ≥ 200 kV beschränkt.
3. Die Analyse ergab, dass die berechneten Magnetfelder etwa umgekehrt proportional zum Abstand zu Hochspannungsfreileitungen (≥ 200 kV) abnehmen.
Die Autoren schlussfolgern, dass ihre Ergebnisse gegen Magnetfelder als alleinige Erklärung für einen Zusammenhang zwischen dem Abstand und Kinderleukämie und zugunsten einer anderen Erklärung im Zusammenhang mit den Eigenschaften von Hochspannungsfreileitungen sprechen.
Studie gefördert durch
-
Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), USA
-
National Cancer Institute (NCI; U.S. National Institutes of Health), Maryland, USA
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