Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kalantar MH et al. | 2024 | 動物 | - | - | - | - | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC), 共ばく露, 非EMF |
Liu C et al. | 2023 | 動物 | - | - | - | - | 静磁界, MRI |
Lola Costa EV et al. | 2020 | 動物, 全身 | development of the embryonic body and vascular network of the yolk sac | 60 Hz | - | - | 50/60 Hz (AC), 磁界 |
Fey DP et al. | 2019 | 動物, 全身 | embryogenesis and development of rainbow trout larvae | 50 Hz | - | for 36 days (from eyed egg stage to approximately 26 days post hatching) | 磁界, 静磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Nakagawa H et al. | 2018 | 動物 | - | 10 Hz | - | - | 磁界, 静磁界 |
Kantarcioglu E et al. | 2018 | 動物 | - | - | - | - | 静磁界, MRI |
Bekhite MM et al. | 2016 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, embryoid bodies made of pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cells (CCE), 動物, mouse/BALB/c, 全身 | embryonic development of mice | 50 Hz | - | 8 hours/day for up to 20 days during gestation | 磁界, 静磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC), DC |
Pais-Roldan P et al. | 2016 | 動物, zebrafish embryos and larvae | - | - | - | - | 静磁界, DC, MRI |
Krylov VV et al. | 2016 | - | - | 72.5–500 Hz | - | - | 磁界, 低周波電磁界, 非EMF, 共ばく露 |
Wang Y et al. | 2016 | ヒト, 全身 | - | - | - | - | MRI |
Costa EV et al. | 2015 | 動物, fertilized eggs of Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>) | development of the vascular system in the yolk sac membrane | 60 Hz | - | continuous for 2 h, 3 times a day with intervals of 6 hours in between for 2 days | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Li Y et al. | 2014 | 動物, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>), 全身 | hatching rate, mortality, malformation, and apoptosis | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 96 hours | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Lee W et al. | 2014 | - | - | 3.2 kHz | - | - | 磁界 |
Pawlak K et al. | 2013 | 動物, chicken embryos (eggs), 全身 | cardiac work and morphometric parameters, level of thyroid hormones | 50 Hz | - | continuous from the first to the last day of incubation (up to 21 days) | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Shams Lahijani M et al. | 2013 | 動物, chicken embryos (eggs), 全身 | embryonic heart development | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 24 h | 磁界, 低周波電磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Costa EV et al. | 2013 | 動物, Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix japonica</i>), 全身: embryo <i>in ovo</i> | development of blood vessels in the yolk sac | 60 Hz | - | intermittent for 3, 6, 9, 12 or 24 h/day for 2 days (see add. information) | 磁界, 低周波電磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Lahijani MS et al. | 2013 | 動物, chicken embryos (eggs), 全身 | effects on the spleen | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 24 hours | 磁界, 低周波電磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Bayat PD et al. | 2012 | 動物, mouse/NMRI, 全身 | number and quality of blastocysts | 50 Hz | - | continuously for 48 hours | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Boga A et al. | 2012 | - | - | 16 Hz | - | - | 電界, 信号/パルス |
Zhu C et al. | 2011 | 動物, rat/Wistar (embryo), 全身: <i>in utero</i> | - | - | - | - | MRI |
Borhani N et al. | 2011 | 動物, マウス/NMRI, 全身 | 胚盤胞での細胞死(DNA断片化), 雌マウスの生殖能力 | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 4 h/day, 6 days/week for 2 weeks | 磁界, 低周波電磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Bayat PD et al. | 2011 | 動物, マウス/NMRI, 全身 | 胚発生(脾臓の発達) | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 10 h/day on 5 days | 磁界, 低周波電磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Lahijani MS et al. | 2011 | 動物, ニワトリ胚/White Leghorn(卵), 全身 | ニワトリ胚の脳における組織病理学及びアポトーシスのプロセス、異常 | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 24 h before incubation | 磁界, 低周波電磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Nishimura I et al. | 2011 | 動物, rat/Crl:CD(SD), 全身 | malformations of fetuses | 20 kHz | - | continuous for 22 h/day from day 7 to day 17 of gestation | 磁界, 中間周波, IH調理器 |
Roda O et al. | 2011 | 動物, <i>Gallus domesticus</i> (ニワトリ;Leghorn HR7変種)の受精卵 | 胚発達 | 50 Hz | - | 1 s on - 0.5 s off - for 45 h, 15 days or 21 days | 磁界, 低周波電磁界, 信号/パルス, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Tayefi H et al. | 2010 | 動物, ラット/ Wistar系(胚及び新生ラット), 全身 | 心臓への影響:心筋損傷(酸化ストレス、アポトーシス、組織学的評価) | 50 Hz | - | 4 hours/day for 7 days/week (during pregnancy and until postnatal day 20) | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Severini M et al. | 2010 | 動物, <i>Xenopus laevis</i>の卵及びオタマジャクシ, 全身 | オタマジャクシの発達及び催奇形性作用 | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 22 days | 磁界, 低周波電磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Severini M et al. | 2010 | 動物, <i>Xenopus laevis</i> のオタマジャクシ, 全身 | オタマジャクシの発達及び催奇形性作用 | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 60 days | 磁界, 低周波電磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Krylov VV | 2010 | 無脊椎動物, <i>Daphnia magna</i> Straus (great water flea) | embryogenesis, developmental stages, morphometric and production characteristics of adult females that developed from the exposed eggs; survival rate | 45–500 Hz | - | up to 43.70 h | 磁界, 低周波電磁界 |
Severini M et al. | 2009 | 動物, African clawed frog tadpoles (<i>Xenopus laevis</i>), 全身 | tadpole development | 0–50 Hz | - | not reported, probably during the whole development | 磁界, 静磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Shams Lahijani M et al. | 2009 | 動物, ニワトリ胚/White Leghorn, 全身 | 鶏卵の肝臓における組織病理学的及び超微細構造の変化及び奇形 | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 24 hr | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Nishimura I et al. | 2009 | - | - | - | - | - | 磁界, PC/TVモニタ, IH調理器, 中間周波 |
Lee HJ et al. | 2009 | 動物, mouse/ICR, 全身 | mortality and morphological abnormalities, uterine contents | 20 kHz | - | 8 h/day from day 2.5 to day 15.5 of gestation | 磁界, 中間周波, 職業的 |
Shams Lahijani M et al. | 2007 | 動物, ニワトリ胚, 全身 | 脳及び眼の発生 | 50 Hz | - | 24 h continuous | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Komazaki S et al. | 2007 | 動物, アカハライモリ/<i>Cynops pyrrhogaster</i>(胚), 全身 | 胚発生 | 50 Hz | - | 5 days | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Ravera S et al. | 2006 | - | - | 75 Hz | - | 150 min | 低周波電磁界, 磁界 |
Okudan B et al. | 2006 | 動物, ラット/Wistarアルビノ, 全身 | 骨含量及び骨密度 | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 28 days; from day 7 of gestation to 14 days post delivery | 電界, 静電界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Karja NW et al. | 2006 | - | - | - | - | - | 電界, 信号/パルス |
Saito K et al. | 2006 | 動物, mouse/SS | - | - | - | continuous for 60 min on day 7.5, 9.5, 10.5, 11.5, 12.5, 13.5, or 14.5 of pregnancy | 静磁界 |
Kuzna-Grygiel W et al. | 2005 | 無脊椎動物, ブタ回虫(<i>Ascaris suum</i>)の受精卵 | 胚発生 | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 60 days | 50/60 Hz (AC), 送電線 |
Roda-Murillo O et al. | 2005 | 動物, <i>Gallus domesticus</i>(ニワトリ;Leghorn HR7品種)の受精卵 | 催奇形性(体重及び頭蓋/頭部発達) | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 15 or 21 days | 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Shi Y et al. | 2005 | 動物, マウス/CD-1, 全身 | 胚発生(胚の<i>c-fos</i> mRNAの発現) | 50 Hz | - | continuous from gestation day 5.5 to gestation day 8.5 | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Winnicki A et al. | 2004 | 動物, 魚/カワカマス(<i>Esox lucius</i>)(卵) | 胚の運動 | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 30 min | 磁界, 静磁界, 低周波電磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Grimaldi S et al. | 2004 | 動物, アフリカツメガエル(<i>Xenopus laevis</i>)(オタマジャクシ), 全身 | オタマジャクシの生存及び変態率 | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 65 days | 磁界, 低周波電磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Shams Lahijani M et al. | 2004 | 受精した鶏卵 | 催奇形性/胚発生 | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 24 h | 低周波電磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC), 磁界 |
Dupont MJ et al. | 2004 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | effects on neurons and glia cells | 500 mHz | - | continuous for 9 days ( 2 days befor and 7 days after birth) | 磁界, 低周波電磁界, 信号/パルス |
Chung MK et al. | 2004 | 動物, rat/Sprague Dawley (embryo and adult), 全身 | - | 60 Hz | - | repeated daily exposure, 21 h/day from day 6 of gestation to day 21 of lactation. | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Rajendra P et al. | 2004 | 動物, chicken embryos (eggs), 全身 | neurotransmitter levels in the brain and tissue damage in chicken embryos | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 5, 10 and 15 days | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Kim SH et al. | 2004 | - | - | 20 kHz | - | repeated daily exposure, 8 h/d, from Day 2.5 to 15.5 of gestation. | 磁界, 中間周波 |
Jiang ML et al. | 2003 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley (embryo), 全身: <i>in utero</i> | - | - | - | - | MRI |
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