Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yadav AS et al. | 2008 | ヒト | nuclear anomalies | - | - | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, 抽出不可能な |
Zeni O et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | formation of micronucleus during different cell cycle stages | 1,950 MHz | 2.2 W/kg | intermittent, 6 min on/2 h off, for 24, 44, or 24 + 44 h | デジタル携帯電話, UMTS, 移動体通信システム |
Syldona M | 2007 | DNA/RNA | DNA conformation | - | - | 5 min | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話 |
Juutilainen J et al. | 2007 | 動物, mouse/CBA/S and transgenic of the line K2 (over-expressing the human ODC gene) and non-transgenic littermate, 全身 | formation of micronuclei | 849 MHz | 0.35–1.5 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 1.5 h/day, 5 days/week, for 78 weeks | アナログ携帯電話, デジタル携帯電話, GSM, NMT, D-AMPS, 移動体通信システム |
Baohong W et al. | 2007 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | comet assay | 1.8 GHz | 3 W/kg | continuous for 1.5 h or 4 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Speit G et al. | 2007 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, ES-1 (human diploid fibroblasts) and V79 (Chinese hamster fibroblast cells) | comet assay and formation of micronuclei | 1,800 MHz | 1–2 W/kg | intermittent, 5 min on/10 min off, for 1, 4, 18, and 24 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Lixia S et al. | 2006 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, SRA01/04-hLEC (human eye lens epithelial cells) | comet assay, stress response/gene expression, cell proliferation | 1.8 GHz | 1–3 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, TDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Ferreira AR et al. | 2006 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | chromosome damage | 834 MHz | 1.23 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 8.5 h/day, throughout pregnancy | アナログ携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Stronati L et al. | 2006 | blood samples | chromosome aberrations, comet assay, formation of micronuclei, sister chromatid exchange | 935 MHz | 1–2 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Scarfi MR et al. | 2006 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | DNA damage (micronucleus formation), cell cycle kinetic | 900 MHz | 1–10 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Verschaeve L et al. | 2006 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | DNA damage | 900 MHz | 0.3–0.9 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 2 h/day, 5 days/week, for 24 months | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Belyaev IY et al. | 2006 | 動物, rat/Fischer 344, 全身 | DNA strand breaks, changes in chromatin conformation, gene expression | 915 MHz | 0.4 mW/g | continuous for 2 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Maes A et al. | 2006 | blood samples, ヒト, 全身 | DNA damage (comet assay, sister chromatid exchange and chromosome aberrations) | 147.25–900 MHz | - | repeated daily exposure, at least 1 h/day for 2.3 years (on average) | 携帯電話基地局, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波, ミリ波, 職業的 |
Sakuma N et al. | 2006 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, A172 (human glioblastoma cells) and IMR90 fibroblasts (from fetal lungs) | DNA damage | 2.1425 GHz | 80–800 mW/kg | continuous for 2 or 24 hours | UMTS, 移動体通信システム |
Gandhi G et al. | 2005 | ヒト, 全身, 身体の一部: head | DNA damage (chromosome aberration and micronuclei formation) | - | 0.1–1.92 W/kg | 2.16 hr/day - 16 hr/day for up to 5 years | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Gandhi G et al. | 2005 | ヒト, 全身 | DNA and chromosome damage | 800–2,000 MHz | 0.59–1.56 W/kg | 1 h - 15 h per day for 1 year to 5 years | 携帯電話, GSM, CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Gorlitz BD et al. | 2005 | 動物, mouse/B6C3F1, 全身 | induction of micronuclei | 902–1,747 MHz | 0.33–33.2 mW/g | repeated daily exposure, 2 h/day, for 5 days | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Markova E et al. | 2005 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | chromatin conformation, analysis of tumor suppressor p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) and of phosphorylated histone H2AX (gamma-H2AX) | 905–915 MHz | 37 mW/kg | continuous for 1 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Nikolova T et al. | 2005 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, ES R1細胞(マウス胚性幹細胞) | 異なる影響(例:異なる転写レベル、遺伝毒性、転写、アポトーシス、細胞毒性、ミトコンドリア機能) | 50 Hz–1.25 kHz | 1.5 W/kg | intermittent, 5 min on/30 min off, for 6 h and 48 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム, 50/60 Hz (AC), 送電線 |
Baohong W et al. | 2005 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | DNA damage | 1.8 GHz | 3 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Aitken RJ et al. | 2005 | 動物, mouse/CD-1 Swiss, 全身 | DNA damage in spermatozoa | 900 MHz | 90 mW/kg | repeated daily exposure, 12 h/day for 7 days | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Diem E et al. | 2005 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, GFSH-R17 (transformed rat granulosa cells) and human diploid fibroblasts | DNA single-strand breaks and double-strand breaks | 1,800 MHz | 1.2–2 W/kg | continuous for 4, 16 and 24 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Zeni O et al. | 2005 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human peripheral blood leukocytes | occurence of DNA damages | 900 MHz | 0.3–1 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Chang SK et al. | 2005 | 細菌, <i>Escherichia coli</i>/WP2uvrA; <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>/TA 98, TA 100, TA 102, TA 1535 and TA 1537 | occurrency of revertants, DNA stability | 835 MHz | 4 W/kg | continuous for 48 h | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, CDMA |
Belyaev IY et al. | 2005 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | 染色質構造及び53BP1フォーカス形成(DNA損傷), アポトーシス | 50 Hz | 37 mW/kg | continuous for 2 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Sarimov R et al. | 2004 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | chromatin conformation | 895–915 MHz | 5.4 mW/kg | continuous for 30 min or 1 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Hook GJ et al. | 2004 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, Molt-4 T (lymphoblastoid cells) | DNA damage/DNA single-strand breaks, apoptosis | 813.56 MHz | 2.4 mW/kg–3.2 W/kg | continuous for 2, 3 or 21 h | iDEN, CDMA, FDMA, TDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Gadhia PK et al. | 2003 | blood samples, ヒト | chromosome damage | 890–960 MHz | - | average 1 to 3 or 3 to 5 hours per day for at least 2 years | 移動体通信システム, GSM, FDMA, TDMA |
Zeni O et al. | 2003 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | incidence of micronuclei, cell cycle kinetics | 900 MHz | 0.2–1.6 W/kg | intermittent; 6 min on/3 h off, 14 on/off cycles of exposure, altogether 44 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Vijayalaxmi et al. | 2003 | 動物, rat/Fischer 344, 全身, 身体の一部: head | formation of micronuclei | 1.6 GHz | 0.077–1.6 W/kg | 2 h/day, 7 days/week,starting on day 19 of gestation and lasting until the offspring reached an age of 3 weeks | IRIDIUM, 移動体通信システム |
Mashevich M et al. | 2003 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | loss and gain of chromosome 17; aneuploidy | 830 MHz | 2–8.2 W/kg | continuous for 72 h | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話 |
McNamee JP et al. | 2002 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | DNA damage; formation of miconuclei | 1.9 GHz | 0.1–10 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | GSM, PCS, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
McNamee JP et al. | 2002 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | DNA damage and formation of miconuclei | 1.9 GHz | 0.1–10 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | TDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Bisht KS et al. | 2002 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, C3H 10T1/2 cells (derived from mouse embryo fibroblasts) | formation of micronuclei | 835.62 MHz | 3.2–5.1 W/kg | continuous for 3, 8,16, or 24 h | CDMA, FDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Takahashi S et al. | 2002 | 動物, mouse/Big Blue (BBM, transgenic for the <i>lac</i>I marker gene in lambda phage; C57BL/6 background), 身体の一部: head | mutation frequency | 1.5 GHz | 0.27–2 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 90 min/day, 5 days/week for 2 or 4 weeks | PDC, TDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Tice RR et al. | 2002 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | DNA and chromosomal damage | 837 MHz | 1–10 W/kg | continuous for 3 or 24 h | GSM, CDMA, TDMA, 移動体通信システム |
d'Ambrosio G et al. | 2002 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | chromosome damage, cell proliferation | 1.748 GHz | 2.25–5.02 W/kg | continuous for 15 min | GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Hook GJ | 2001 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human peripheral blood lymphocytes | - | 837–1,909.8 MHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, アナログ携帯電話, PCS, TDMA, CDMA, マイクロ波 |
Li L et al. | 2001 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, C3H 10T1/2 cells (derived from mouse embryo fibroblasts) | DNA damage | 835.62 MHz | 3.2–5.1 W/kg | continuous for 2 or 4 h | 移動体通信システム, CDMA, FDMA |
Vijayalaxmi et al. | 2001 | human blood samples | formation of micronuclei and chromosomal aberration | 847.74 MHz | 4.9–5.5 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | 移動体通信システム, CDMA |
Sykes PJ et al. | 2001 | 動物, mouse/pKZ1(transgenic, with beta-galactosidase gene (<i>lacZ</i>)), 全身 | intrachromosomal recombination, inversion frequency | 900 MHz | 4 W/kg | repeated daily exposure for 30 min/day for 1, 5 or 25 days (5 days/week) | GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Maes A et al. | 2001 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchange | 900 MHz | 0.4–10 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波, CW 連続波, PW パルス波 |
Vijayalaxmi et al. | 2001 | human blood samples | chromosomal aberration and micronuclei formation | 835.62 MHz | 4.4–5 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | 移動体通信システム, FDMA, CW 連続波 |
Maes A et al. | 2000 | blood samples | chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchan | 455.7 MHz | 6.5 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | アナログ携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Gos P et al. | 2000 | yeast, <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>/RS112<sup>a</sup>, RSY6 S35/2-10C, WDHY907<sup>b</sup> (ARG+ revertant; <i>CAN1</i> encodes the arginine permease), FY3<sup>c</sup> | mutagenesis and genomic stability (mutation rate and deletions) | 900 MHz | 0.13–1.3 W/kg | continuous for 1 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Antonopoulos A et al. | 1998 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | frequency of sister-chromatid exchange, velocity of cell cycle | 380 MHz | 82.9–1,700 mW/kg | continuous for 48, 52, 56, 64, and 68 h | 移動体通信システム, GSM |
Phillips JL et al. | 1998 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, Molt-4 cells | single-strand breaks (comet assay) | 813.5625 MHz | 2.4–26 µW/g | intermittent 20 min on/off for 2, 3 and 21 hours | iDEN, NADC, TDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Maes A et al. | 1997 | blood samples | chromosome aberration; single-strand breaks (comet assay) | 935.2 MHz | 0.4 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | 移動体通信システム, GSM, RF, マイクロ波 |
Malyapa RS et al. | 1997 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, C3H 10T1/2 cells (derived from mouse embryo fibroblasts) and U87MG (human glioblastoma cells) | DNA damage (comet assay) | 835.62 MHz | 0.6 W/kg | continuous for 2, 4 or 24 h | 移動体通信システム, CDMA, RF, CW 連続波 |
Cain CD et al. | 1997 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, C3H 10T1/2 and UV/TDT10e (10e) cells (mouse fibroblast cells) | <i>in vitro</i> carcinogenesis/focus formation | 836.55 MHz | 0.15–15 µW/g | 20 min on - 20 min off, 24 h/day for 28 days | TDMA, 移動体通信システム, RF, PW パルス波 |
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