研究のタイプ: 医学／生物学の研究 (experimental study)

[ラジオ周波数信号の遺伝毒性：培養ヒト血液細胞でのDNAダメージと微小核誘発] med./bio.

Genotoxicity of radiofrequency signals. I. Investigation of DNA damage and micronuclei induction in cultured human blood cells

著者: Tice RR, Hook GG, Donner M, McRee DI, Guy AW
掲載誌: Bioelectromagnetics 2002; 23 (2): 113-126
RISフォーマットで参考文献をダウンロード

この研究は、携帯電話の高周波（RF）信号による遺伝毒性影響の有無を包括的に調査する一環として、インビトロ実験で、ヒトの白血球およびリンパ球におけるDNAおよび染色体の損傷の誘導を評価した。ばく露に用いたRF信号は、2種類の音声変調837 MHz信号（アナログ信号発生器およびTDMA携帯電話からの信号）、音声変調されていない837 MHz信号（CDMA携帯電話からの信号）、音声変調1909.8 MHz信号（GSMタイプのパーソナル通信システム（PCS）携帯電話からの信号）である。細胞を37 ±１℃に保ちつつ、3または24時間、SARレベル1.0 - 10.0 W/ kgでばく露した。DNA損傷（鎖切断／アルカリ不安定部位）は、白血球でのアルカリ性単一細胞ゲル電気泳動アッセイにて評価した。染色体損傷は、マイトジェン刺激されたリンパ球にサイトカラシンB二核細胞小核アッセイを適用して評価した。その結果、3または24時間のばく露は、白血球におけるDNA損傷の有意な増加を引き起こさなかった；3時間のばく露は、リンパ球における小核の有意な増加を誘導しなかった；しかし、4つのRF信号のどれか１つに、5.0または10.0 W/kgの平均SARで24時間ばく露した場合、リンパ球の小核頻度に有意で再現可能な増加が生じた；この反応の大きさ（約4倍）は、信号の種類とは無関係であった、と報告している。

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研究目的（著者による）

To assess the ability of radiofrequency signals emitted by various cellular telephones (analog, CDMA, TDMA, or PCS signals) to induce DNA and chromosomal damage in cultured human leukocytes and lymphocytes.

影響評価項目

ばく露

ばく露 パラメータ
ばく露1: 837 MHz
Modulation type: FM
ばく露時間: continuous for 3 or 24 h
  • SAR: 1 W/kg average over mass (1 g)
  • SAR: 2.5 W/kg average over mass (1 g) (3 h only)
  • SAR: 5 W/kg average over mass (1 g)
  • SAR: 10 W/kg average over mass (1 g)
ばく露2: 837 MHz
Modulation type: pulsed
ばく露時間: continuous for 3 or 24 h
  • SAR: 1 W/kg average over mass (1 g)
  • SAR: 2.5 W/kg average over mass (1 g) (3 h only)
  • SAR: 5 W/kg average over mass (1 g)
  • SAR: 10 W/kg average over mass (1 g)
ばく露3: 837 MHz
Modulation type: pulsed
ばく露時間: continuous for 3 or 24 h
  • SAR: 1 W/kg average over mass (1 g)
  • SAR: 2.5 W/kg average over mass (1 g) (3 h only)
  • SAR: 5 W/kg average over mass (1 g)
  • SAR: 10 W/kg average over mass (1 g)
ばく露4: 1,909.8 MHz
Modulation type: pulsed
ばく露時間: continuous for 3 or 24 h
  • SAR: 1 W/kg average over mass (1 g) (24 h)
  • SAR: 1.6 W/kg average over mass (1 g) (3 h)
  • SAR: 2.9 W/kg average over mass (1 g) (3 h)
  • SAR: 5 W/kg average over mass (1 g) (3 h)
  • SAR: 10 W/kg average over mass (1 g) (3 h + 24 h)

ばく露1

主たる特性
周波数 837 MHz
タイプ
  • electromagnetic field
特性
  • guided field
ばく露時間 continuous for 3 or 24 h
Modulation
Modulation type FM
Modulation frequency 12.5 kHz
Additional information

voice modulated
ばく露装置
ばく露の発生源／構造
チャンバの詳細 The exposure system employing two TEM cells operated in series in a vertical position has been described in the reference article.
ばく露装置の詳細 A plastic rack held six 14 ml tubes (half of the tubes on each side of the septum) so that they were exposed from the bottom with the long axis parallel to the direction of wave propagation. Input power levels for the first TEM cell were set for a given average SAR in the bottom 1 ml of the sample. A length of coaxial cable was used to attenuate the input power for the second TEM cell. A terminating load absorbed any power not absorbed by the samples. Power level fluctuation was below 10%.
Additional information Negative (sham-exposed) and positive (with EMS) controls included in each experiment were obtained by the second TEM cell being disconnected from the input power.
パラメータ
測定量 値 種別 Method Mass 備考
SAR 1 W/kg average over mass 測定値および計算値 1 g -
SAR 2.5 W/kg average over mass 測定値および計算値 1 g 3 h only
SAR 5 W/kg average over mass 測定値および計算値 1 g -
SAR 10 W/kg average over mass 測定値および計算値 1 g -
測定および計算の詳細

The culture temperature in each TEM cell was monitored using fiberoptic thermometers, two of which were inserted into a test tube containing blood in complete media. The procedures used to measure and calculate SARs have been described in the reference article. Using an FDTD analysis, average SARs for the entire 10 ml and the bottom 1 ml were calculated for both frequencies. Calculated average SARs over the entire 10 ml volume were based on time-temperature profiles produced using the fiberoptic probes.

ばく露2

主たる特性
周波数 837 MHz
タイプ
  • electromagnetic field
特性
  • guided field
ばく露時間 continuous for 3 or 24 h
Modulation
Modulation type pulsed
Additional information

TDMA, voice modulated
ばく露装置
ばく露の発生源／構造
ばく露装置の詳細 A plastic rack held six 14 ml tubes.
パラメータ
測定量 値 種別 Method Mass 備考
SAR 1 W/kg average over mass 測定値および計算値 1 g -
SAR 2.5 W/kg average over mass 測定値および計算値 1 g 3 h only
SAR 5 W/kg average over mass 測定値および計算値 1 g -
SAR 10 W/kg average over mass 測定値および計算値 1 g -

ばく露3

主たる特性
周波数 837 MHz
タイプ
  • electromagnetic field
特性
  • guided field
ばく露時間 continuous for 3 or 24 h
Modulation
Modulation type pulsed
Additional information

CDMA
ばく露装置
ばく露の発生源／構造
ばく露装置の詳細 A plastic rack held six 14 ml tubes.
パラメータ
測定量 値 種別 Method Mass 備考
SAR 1 W/kg average over mass 測定値および計算値 1 g -
SAR 2.5 W/kg average over mass 測定値および計算値 1 g 3 h only
SAR 5 W/kg average over mass 測定値および計算値 1 g -
SAR 10 W/kg average over mass 測定値および計算値 1 g -

ばく露4

主たる特性
周波数 1,909.8 MHz
タイプ
  • electromagnetic field
特性
  • guided field
ばく露時間 continuous for 3 or 24 h
Modulation
Modulation type pulsed
Repetition frequency 217 Hz
Additional information

GSM (PCS), voice modulated
ばく露装置
ばく露の発生源／構造
ばく露装置の詳細 A plastic rack held four 14 ml tubes.
パラメータ
測定量 値 種別 Method Mass 備考
SAR 1 W/kg average over mass 測定値および計算値 1 g 24 h
SAR 1.6 W/kg average over mass 測定値および計算値 1 g 3 h
SAR 2.9 W/kg average over mass 測定値および計算値 1 g 3 h
SAR 5 W/kg average over mass 測定値および計算値 1 g 3 h
SAR 10 W/kg average over mass 測定値および計算値 1 g 3 h + 24 h

Reference articles

ばく露を受けた生物:

方法 影響評価項目／測定パラメータ／方法

研究対象とした生物試料:
調査の時期:
  • ばく露後

研究の主なアウトカム（著者による）

Exposure for either 3 or 24 h did not induce a significant increase in DNA damage in leukocytes, nor did radiation for 3 h induce a significant increase in micronucleated cells among lymphocytes. However, radiation to each of the four radiofrequency signals for 24h (at an average SAR of 5 or 10 W/kg) resulted in a significant and reproducible increase in the frequency of micronucleated lymphocytes. The results demonstrate that radiofrequency signals (at an average SAR of at least 5 W/kg) are capable of inducing chromosomal damage in human lymphocytes.

研究の種別:

研究助成

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