Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sannino A et al. | 2014 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human lymphocytes | DNA damage (micronucleus formation) | 1,950 MHz | 0.3 W/kg | continuous for 20 hours | 携帯電話, UMTS, 移動体通信システム |
Sekeroglu V et al. | 2012 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | DNA damage (chromosome aberration, micronucleus test), cytotoxicity | 1,800 MHz | 0.37–0.49 W/kg | continuous for two hours/day for 45 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Atli Sekeroglu Z et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | DNA damage, cytotoxicity | 900 MHz | 0.37–0.76 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day for 45 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, CW 連続波 |
Markkanen A et al. | 2004 | yeast in culture (<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>/strains KFy417 (wild type) and KFy437 (cdc48 mutant)), mutant yeast strain (carries an allel which leads to formation of apoptosis at elevated temperatures) | apoptosis and cell survival | 872 MHz | 0.4–3 W/kg | continuous for 1 hour | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Czyz J et al. | 2004 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, pluripotent R1 embryonic stem cells, wild-type D3 and p53-deficient; embryonic carcinoma cells of line P19 | gene expression, cell differentiation, cell cycle phase, and proliferation | 1.71 GHz | 0.4–16 W/kg | intermittent, 5/30 min On/Off cycles for 6 or 48 hours | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Sannino A et al. | 2006 | human blood sample | cell viability | 1,950 MHz | 0.5–2 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | UMTS, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Brescia F et al. | 2009 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, Jurkat cells (human lymphoblastoid T cells) | oxidative stress (production of reactive oxygen species), cell viability | 1,950 MHz | 0.5–2 W/kg | 5 min - 60 min or 24 h | デジタル携帯電話, UMTS, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Merola P et al. | 2006 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, LAN-5 (human neuroblastoma cells) | cell proliferation; apoptosis, cell differentiation | 900 MHz | 1 W/kg | continuous for 24, 48 and 72 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Buttiglione M et al. | 2007 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) | cell viability | 900 MHz | 1 W/kg | continuous for 5, 15, 30 min, 6 or 24 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Del Vecchio G et al. | 2009 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, primary cortical neurons (of rat) and cholinergic SN56 cell line | cell viability, cell proliferation, and cytotoxicity (cell vulnerability) | 900 MHz | 1 W/kg | up to 144 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Kim DH et al. | 2015 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, BEAS-2B (human bronchial epithelial cells) | wound healing capacity of human bronchial epithelial cells | 1.8 GHz | 1 W/kg | continuous for up to 65 h | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界 |
Lixia S et al. | 2006 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, SRA01/04-hLEC (human eye lens epithelial cells) | comet assay, stress response/gene expression, cell proliferation | 1.8 GHz | 1–3 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, TDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Chen C et al. | 2014 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, embryonic neural stem cells (mouse/BALB/c) | differentiation, cell growth and cell viability of neural stem cells | 1,800 MHz | 1–4 W/kg | intermittent for 1 to 3 days (5 min field on, 10 min field off) | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Palumbo R et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, Jurkat cells (human lymphoblastoid T cells) and human peripheral blood lymphocytes | apoptosis | 900 MHz | 1.35–10.8 W/kg | continuous for 1 h | 移動体通信システム, GSM |
Nikolova T et al. | 2005 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, ES R1細胞(マウス胚性幹細胞) | 異なる影響(例:異なる転写レベル、遺伝毒性、転写、アポトーシス、細胞毒性、ミトコンドリア機能) | 50 Hz–1.25 kHz | 1.5 W/kg | intermittent, 5 min on/30 min off, for 6 h and 48 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム, 50/60 Hz (AC), 送電線 |
Kim TH et al. | 2008 | 動物, mouse/C57BL, 身体の一部: head | effects on the brain (cell proliferation, cell death / apoptosis, distribution of neurons and glia cells) | 849 MHz | 1.55–7.8 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 1 h/day, 5 days/week, for 6 or 12 months | デジタル携帯電話, PCS, CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Lantow M et al. | 2006 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, Mono Mac 6 cells (human monocytes) | cell cycle (cell cycle phase, proliferation, apoptosis, necrosis) | 1,800 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 12 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Odaci E et al. | 2008 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 身体の一部: maternal head | histopathology of the hippocampus, number of granule cells in the dentate gyrus | 900 MHz | 2 W/kg | 60 min/day, from the first to the last day of gestation | 移動体通信システム |
Bas O et al. | 2009 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | neuronal development of hippocampus (number and histopathological changes of pyramidal cells in the cornu ammonis) | 900 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous during gestation (19 days) | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界 |
Ozgur E et al. | 2014 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, Hep G2 cells (hepatic transformed cell line) | - | 900 MHz | 2 W/kg | - | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Rosado MM et al. | 2014 | 動物, mouse/C57BL/6Thy1<sup>b</sup>Igh<sup>b</sup> (wild type B/6), 全身 | hematopoietic precursor cell differentiation and proliferation in thymus and spleen (ability of bone marrow precursor cells to colonize lymphoid organs and to differentiate in mature T cells and B lymphocytes) | 900 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day and 5 days/week for 4 weeks | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Kim HS et al. | 2015 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | neurogenesis in the adult rat brain | 845.5 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 1 h daily, 5 days per week, for 2 weeks | CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Huang TQ et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, Jurkat cells (human lymphoblastoid T cells) | cellular and molecular changes (e.g. DNA damage, gene expression, cell proliferation, cell cycle progression) | 1,762.5 MHz | 2–10 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 1 h/day, for 1, 2, or 3 days | デジタル携帯電話, CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Kumar G et al. | 2015 | 単離された臓器, rat bones (femur and tibia) | - | 900 MHz | 2–12.4 W/kg | - | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, CW 連続波, PW パルス波 |
d'Ambrosio G et al. | 2002 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | chromosome damage, cell proliferation | 1.748 GHz | 2.25–5.02 W/kg | continuous for 15 min | GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
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