Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hussein S et al. | 2016 | 動物, rat | changes and damage in the rat brain | 1,800 MHz | 0.6 W/kg | continuous for 120 min/day for three months | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Lee JS et al. | 2016 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, HT22 (mouse hippocampus neuronal cells) | cytotoxicity | 837–1,950 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours | 携帯電話, CDMA, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム, 非EMF, 共ばく露 |
Kayhan H et al. | 2016 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) | apoptosis and cell cycle progression | 2.1 GHz | 0.235–0.491 W/kg | continuous for 24 hours | W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Guler G et al. | 2016 | 動物, rabbit/New Zealand White, 全身 | - | 1,800 MHz | 18 mW/kg | - | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Sagioglou NE et al. | 2016 | - | - | 100–900 MHz | - | - | GSM, TETRA/TETRAPOL, 移動体通信システム, RF, FM 周波数変調, CW 連続波, ラジオ/TV送信機, FM 放送(UKW) |
Tohidi FZ et al. | 2015 | 動物 | - | - | - | - | 移動体通信システム, RF |
Mortazavi SMJ et al. | 2015 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, Jurkat cells (human lymphoblastoid T cells) | - | 900 MHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, GSM, RF |
Liu YX et al. | 2015 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, U251-MG, U87-MG, T98G and A127 (human glioblastoma cell lines) | cellular parameters <i>in vitro</i> and tumorigenesis <i>in vivo</i> | 1,950 MHz | 5 W/kg | continuous for 12 hours | 携帯電話, CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Odaci E et al. | 2015 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | histology, apoptosis and oxidative stress in the testes | 900 MHz | 0.025 W/kg | continuous for 1 hour/day for 30 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Cig B et al. | 2015 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, MCF-7 (human breast cancer cell line) | apoptosis, cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration, generation of reactive oxygen species | 900 MHz | 0.18–0.58 mW/kg | continuous for 1 hour | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz |
Fasseas MK et al. | 2015 | 無脊椎動物, nematode (<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>)/N2 (wild type), DR1572, DR26, TK22, CL4176, NL5901, RB864, CL2070 (<i>hsp-16.2</i>), CF1553 (<i>sod-3</i>), SJ4005 (<i>hsp-4</i>), LG333 (<i>skn-1</i>), LD1171 (<i>gcs-1</i>) and CL2166 (<i>gst-4</i>) | effects on fertility, neurodegeneration, short-term memory, chemotaxis, stress, apoptosis, life span and growth of <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> | 1,780–1,800 MHz | - | continuous for 0.5, 1, 3, 6 or 24 h | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波, DECT, W-LAN/WiFi |
Naziroglu M et al. | 2015 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, hippocampal neurons (from Wistar rats) | - | 900 MHz | - | - | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Azadi Oskouyi E et al. | 2015 | 動物, rabbit/New Zealand, 全身 | - | 850–950 MHz | - | - | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, FM 周波数変調 |
Canseven AG et al. | 2015 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, Raji cells (human Burkitt lymphoma cells) | - | 1,800 MHz | - | - | GSM, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Hou Q et al. | 2015 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, NIH3T3 cells (mouse fibroblast cell line) | oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis in mouse embryonic fibroblasts | 1,800 MHz | 2 W/kg | intermittent exposure (5 min on/10 min off) for 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6 or 8 hours | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Lee SS et al. | 2014 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human adipose derived stem cells | cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation | 2.4 GHz | 240 mW/kg | continuous for 10 hours/day for 5 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, W-LAN/WiFi |
Kahya MC et al. | 2014 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, MDA-MB-231 cells (breast cancer cell line) | - | 900 MHz | 0.36 W/kg | - | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Chen C et al. | 2014 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, embryonic neural stem cells (mouse/BALB/c) | differentiation, cell growth and cell viability of neural stem cells | 1,800 MHz | 1–4 W/kg | intermittent for 1 to 3 days (5 min field on, 10 min field off) | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Liu K et al. | 2014 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, GC-2 cells (murine spermatocyte-derived cell line) | - | 1,800 MHz | 1–4 W/kg | intermittent for 24 hours (5 min on and 10 min off) | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Ozgur E et al. | 2014 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, Hep G2 cells (hepatic transformed cell line) | - | 900 MHz | 2 W/kg | - | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Motawi TK et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino | - | 900 MHz | - | - | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Kesari KK et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/ Wistar, 全身 | DNA damage, protein expression, apoptosis and oxidative stress in brain | 2,115 MHz | 0.26–0.9 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours/day for 60 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Souza LCM et al. | 2014 | ヒト, 身体の一部 | nuclear abnormalities | 850–1,900 MHz | 0.344–1.38 W/kg | > 5 hours mobile phone use per week | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Koç A et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Wistar | - | - | - | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話 |
Umur AS et al. | 2013 | 動物, chicken embryos/White Leghorn (eggs), 全身 | development of the neural tube | - | 0.77 W/kg | standby mode for 30, 48 or 72 hours | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Köktürk S et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | apoptosis in the cerebellum | 900 MHz | - | 30 min/day until rats were 80 days old | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Esmekaya MA et al. | 2013 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human breast fibroblasts | cell viability, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential | 2.1 GHz | 0.607 W/kg | continuous for 4 or 24 hours | W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Kruglik OV et al. | 2013 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, EAC cells (Ehrlich ascites carcinoma) | - | 900 MHz | - | - | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Sokolovic D et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | oxidative stress, proliferation and apoptosis in thymocytes, genotoxicity | 900 MHz | 0.043–0.135 W/g | continuous for 4 hours/day on 20, 40 or 60 consecutive days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Liu YX et al. | 2012 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, rat astrocytes, C6 cells (rat glioma cell line) | apoptosis | 1,950 MHz | 5.36 W/kg | continuous for 12, 24, 48 h | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Calabro E et al. | 2012 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) | cellular stress response (heat shock protein expression, cell viability and apoptosis) | 1,760 MHz | 0.086 W/kg | continuous for 2 h and 4 h | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Zeni O et al. | 2012 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, PC-12 cells | DNA damage, cell viability and apoptosis | 1,950 MHz | 10 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | UMTS, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Terro F et al. | 2012 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, primary cerebral cortical cells (neurons and astrocytes) of rat embryos | chaperone-mediated auto-phagocytosis, apoptosis | 900 MHz | 0.25 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Karaca E et al. | 2012 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | DNA damage (micronucleus assay), gene expression of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes | 10.715 GHz | 0.725 W/kg | continuous for 6 h per day for 3 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, RF, マイクロ波 |
Dogan M et al. | 2012 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | brain metabolism, oxidative stress, histopathology and apoptosis in the brain | 1.9 Hz–2.2 GHz | - | every day two times 20 min (1x talking, 1x listening mode) from day 2 to day 21 | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Liu ML et al. | 2011 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, primary cortical neurons (of rat) | cell viability and cell death of neurons | 1,800 MHz | - | continuous for 6 x 2 h/day on 2 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Chavdoula ED et al. | 2010 | 無脊椎動物, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>/Oregon-R | ovarian cell death/DNA fragmentation, reproductive capacity of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 6 min./day on 6 days | 移動体通信システム, デジタル携帯電話, GSM |
Falzone N et al. | 2010 | human spermatozoa | pro-apoptosis events in human spermatozoa (e.g. enzyme activity of caspases, externalization of phosphatidylserine, DNA strand breaks and production of reactive oxygen species) | 900 MHz | 2–5.7 W/kg | continuous for 60 min. | 携帯電話, デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Panagopoulos DJ et al. | 2010 | 無脊椎動物, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>/Oregon-R | ovarian cell death/DNA fragmentation, reproductive capacity of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> | 900 MHz | 0.89 W/kg | continuous for 6 min/day on 6 days | 携帯電話, 携帯電話基地局, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Dasdag S et al. | 2009 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 身体の一部: head | apoptosis and oxidative stress in the brain | 900 MHz | 0.17–0.58 W/kg | continuous for 2 hr/day, 7 days/week for 10 months | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, GSM, マイクロ波 |
Atasoy A et al. | 2009 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | cell surface antigenic structures, cell viability, cell proliferation, apoptosis | 450 MHz | - | continuous for 2 hr, 6 hr or 24 hr | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF |
Cao Y et al. | 2009 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, SHG44 cells (human glioma cells) | oxidative stress, cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 2 h/day on 3 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
El-Swefy S et al. | 2008 | 動物, rat/albino | - | - | - | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話基地局, 共ばく露 |
Zhu Y et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, rat cortical neuronal cells, 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley | - | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 or 24 h | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波, 共ばく露 |
Hoyto A et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, murine L929 fibroblast cells | cell proliferation and apoptosis | 872 MHz | 5 W/kg | 1 h and 24 h for ODC measurement, 24 h for proliferation measurement, 1 h for caspase-3 activity measurement | GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF, CW 連続波, PW パルス波 |
Palumbo R et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, Jurkat cells (human lymphoblastoid T cells) and human peripheral blood lymphocytes | apoptosis | 900 MHz | 1.35–10.8 W/kg | continuous for 1 h | 移動体通信システム, GSM |
Hoyto A et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) and mouse fibroblasts (L929) | cell proliferation, cell death | 872 MHz | 5 W/kg | continuous for 1 or 24 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Kim TH et al. | 2008 | 動物, mouse/C57BL, 身体の一部: head | effects on the brain (cell proliferation, cell death / apoptosis, distribution of neurons and glia cells) | 849 MHz | 1.55–7.8 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 1 h/day, 5 days/week, for 6 or 12 months | デジタル携帯電話, PCS, CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Moquet J et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, murine neuroblastoma cell line (N2a) | apoptosis | 935 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Yilmaz F et al. | 2008 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | apoptosis | 900 MHz | 0.52–3.13 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 20 min/day, for 1 month | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
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