この研究は、キイロショウジョウバエの成虫に、GSM 900/1800携帯電話アンテナから0センチから100センチまでの様々な距離で電磁界ばく露させ、TUNEL分析により、生殖能力及び生殖腺内の細胞死誘導への影響を調べた。その結果、実験した距離すべてにおいて、細胞死誘導により生殖能力が低下した；距離（電磁界強度低下）につれて影響は弱まった；生物活性が上昇を示す「窓」は、携帯電話アンテナから20センチから30センチの距離で確認され（電磁界強度は約10 μW/cm2）、それより短い距離あるいは長い距離に比べ影響は最も大きかった。さらに40センチから50センチ以上の距離になると影響はかなり低下し、１メートル以上の距離あるいは電磁界強度が1 μW/cm2以下では見られなくなった、などの所見を報告している。
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To study the effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic irradiation at 900 MHz (emitted by GSM mobile phones) and at 1800 MHz (emitted by DCS mobile phones) on reproductive capacity of the insect Drosophila melanogaster and the dependency of the effect of electromagnetic field intensity (distance from antenna). If a decrease in the reproductive capacity would be found (at smaller intensities than in previous studies: Panagopoulos 2004, Panagopoulos 2007a, Panagopoulos 2007b), the further aim of this study should be to confirm whether again the decrease is caused by cell death during the early and mid stages of oogenesis.
There were 13 exposure groups: group 1 was exposed to 900 MHz or 1800 MHz with the antenna in contact with the glass vial containing flies; group 2 was exposed to 900 MHz or 1800 MHz with the antenna of the mobile phone at 1 cm distance from the vial; group 3 was exposed to 900 MHz or 1800 MHz with the antenna of the mobile phone at 10 cm distance from the vial. The fourth group was exposed to 900 MHz or 1800 MHz with the antenna of the mobile phone at 20 cm distance from the vial, ect. (group 12 had a distance of 100 cm). Group 13 was sham exposed.
Each group consisted of ten female and ten male newly emerged flies kept in separate vials for the first 48 h. After the 48 h, when both males and females of each group were sexually mature, they were put together (10 pairs) in another glass vial and they were allowed to mate and lay eggs for the next 72 h.
For cell death investigation ovarioles were investigated (background information about ovarioles, see Panagopoulos 2007b).
| ばく露 | パラメータ |
|---|---|
|
ばく露1:
900 MHz
ばく露時間:
continuous for 6 min/day on 6 days
|
|
|
ばく露2:
1,800 MHz
ばく露時間:
continuous for 6 min/day on 6 days
|
|
| 周波数 | 900 MHz |
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| ばく露時間 | continuous for 6 min/day on 6 days |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|---|
| ばく露装置の詳細 | commercially available dual band GSM mobile phone used in speaking mode in a distance of 0 cm up to 100 cm from the vial containing the flies |
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| 測定量 | 値 | 種別 | Method | Mass | 備考 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SAR | 0.89 W/kg | maximum | - | cf. remarks | manufacturer's information for the human head |
| 電力密度 | 0.378 mW/cm² | maximum | - | - | +/ 0.059 mW/cm² at a distance of 0 cm from the phone's antenna |
| 電力密度 | 0.0004 mW/cm² | minimum | - | - | +/ 0.0001 mW/cm² at a distance of 100 cm from the phone's antenna |
| 電界強度 | 19 V/m | maximum | - | - | +/ 2.5 V/m at a distance of 0 cm from the phone's antenna |
| 電界強度 | 0.1 V/m | minimum | - | - | +/ 0.02 V/m at a distance of 50 cm from the phone's antenna |
| 磁束密度 | 0.09 µT | maximum | - | - | +/ 0.015 µT at a distance of 0 cm from the phone's antenna |
| 磁束密度 | 0.005 µT | minimum | - | - | +/ 0.001 µT at a distance of 40 cm from the phone's antenna |
| 周波数 | 1,800 MHz |
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| ばく露時間 | continuous for 6 min/day on 6 days |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|---|
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| 測定量 | 値 | 種別 | Method | Mass | 備考 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SAR | 0.89 W/kg | maximum | - | cf. remarks | manufacturer's information for the human head |
| 電力密度 | 0.252 mW/cm² | maximum | - | - | +/ 0.05 mW/cm² at a distance of 0 cm from the phone's antenna |
| 電力密度 | 0.0002 mW/cm² | minimum | - | - | +/ 0.0001 mW/cm² at a distance of 100 cm from the phone's antenna |
| 電界強度 | 13 V/m | maximum | - | - | +/ 2.1 V/m at a distance of 0 cm from the phone's antenna |
| 電界強度 | 0.1 V/m | minimum | - | - | +/ 0.04 V/m at a distance of 40 cm from the phone's antenna |
| 磁束密度 | 0.06 µT | maximum | - | - | +/ 0.008 µT at a distance of 0 cm from the phone's antenna |
| 磁束密度 | 0.006 µT | minimum | - | - | +/ 0.001 µT at a distance of 30 cm from the phone's antenna |
The electromagnetic field exposures decreased the reproductive capacity by cell death induction at all the different distances tested. The effect diminished with the distance from the antenna (decreasing intensities). An increased bioactivity "window" (window effect) was revealed at distances of 20-30 cm from the mobile phone antenna, (intensity around 10 µW/cm²) where the effect became highest, in relation to smaller or longer distances. The effect diminished considerably for distances longer than 40-50 cm and became not evident for distances longer than 1 m or intensities smaller than 1 µW/cm².
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