この研究は、キイロショウジョウバエに毎日、6分間、GSM-900MHz携帯電話放射（EMR）を与え、6分間連続ばく露と合計6分間となる4種類の間欠ばく露（10分間間隔：1分ばく露×6回、2分ばく露×3回、3分ばく露×2回、3時間間隔：3分ばく露×2回）の影響とを比較し、また生殖能力およびアポトーシス性細胞死誘導に対して、間欠ばく露が何らかの累積的影響を与えるか否かを調べた。著者は、以前の研究で「1日6分間の連続ばく露を5日間で、キイロショウジョウバエの生殖能力が大きく低下することを報告しており、今回はそれが間欠ばく露でも起こるかを検討した結果、10分間隔の間欠ばく露は、合計時間では同じになる連続ばく露とほぼ同等の影響を与えることが示されたが、ばく露間隔が3時間の場合は生殖器官に影響の回復時間を与えるような結果が見られたと報告している。
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To compare the influence of different patterns of intermittent exposures with different intervals, with the effects of continuous exposure of the same total duration of GSM exposure on the reproductive capacity of the fly Drosophila melanogaster.
The aim of the study was to examine whether the various intervals of intermittent exposures would indicate the possible existence of DNA repair mechanisms. A further aim of the study was to evaluate whether GSM irradiation has any effect on the disorganization of the actin-cytoskeleton network, which is another characteristic aspect of cell death in the egg chambers.
Each group consisted of nine female and nine male newly emerged flies kept in separate vials for the first 48 h. After the 48 h, when both males and females of each group were sexually mature, they were put together (nine pairs) in another glass vial and they were allowed to mate and lay eggs for the next 72 h. The flies were exposed by the different patterns of 6 min total daily exposure during the first 5 days of each experiment. On the sixth day there was an additional last exposure and 2-3 h later the parent fIies were removed from the vials. The flies were divided into five exposure groups (one continuous exposure group and four intermittent exposure groups) and one sham exposure group.
For cell death investigation ovarioles were investigated (background information about ovarioles, see Panagopoulos 2007b).
| ばく露 | パラメータ |
|---|---|
|
ばく露1:
900 MHz
Modulation type:
pulsed
ばく露時間:
continuous for 6 min./day on 6 days
|
|
|
ばく露2:
900 MHz
Modulation type:
pulsed
ばく露時間:
1 min. on - 10 min. off, repeated 6 times/day on 6 days
|
|
|
ばく露3:
900 MHz
Modulation type:
pulsed
ばく露時間:
2 min. on - 10 min. off, repeated 3 times/day on 6 days
|
|
|
ばく露4:
900 MHz
Modulation type:
pulsed
ばく露時間:
3 min. on - 10 min. off, repeated 2 times/day on 6 days
|
|
|
ばく露5:
900 MHz
Modulation type:
pulsed
ばく露時間:
3 min. on - 6 hrs off, repeated 2 times/day on 6 days
|
|
ばく露6:
ばく露時間:
6 min./day on 6 days
sham exposure
|
| 周波数 | 900 MHz |
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| ばく露時間 | continuous for 6 min./day on 6 days |
| Modulation type | pulsed |
|---|---|
| Repetition frequency | 217 Hz |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|---|
| ばく露装置の詳細 | mobile phone's antenna in contact with the glass vial containing the insects; phone in speaking mode |
| 周波数 | 900 MHz |
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| ばく露時間 | 1 min. on - 10 min. off, repeated 6 times/day on 6 days |
| Modulation type | pulsed |
|---|---|
| Repetition frequency | 217 Hz |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|
| 周波数 | 900 MHz |
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| ばく露時間 | 2 min. on - 10 min. off, repeated 3 times/day on 6 days |
| Modulation type | pulsed |
|---|---|
| Repetition frequency | 217 Hz |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|
| 周波数 | 900 MHz |
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| ばく露時間 | 3 min. on - 10 min. off, repeated 2 times/day on 6 days |
| Modulation type | pulsed |
|---|---|
| Repetition frequency | 217 Hz |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|
| 周波数 | 900 MHz |
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| ばく露時間 | 3 min. on - 6 hrs off, repeated 2 times/day on 6 days |
| Modulation type | pulsed |
|---|---|
| Repetition frequency | 217 Hz |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|
The data showed that intermittent exposure decreased the reproductive capacity and altered the actin-cytoskeleton network of the egg chambers, and that the effect is also due to DNA fragmentation. Intermittent exposures with 10 minutes intervals between exposure sessions were almost equally effective as continuous exposure of the same total duration, whereas longer intervals between the exposures seemed to allow the flies to recover and partly overcome the above-mentioned effects of the GSM exposure.
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