この研究は、全般的環境感受性（GES）および電磁界が原因と信じる特発性環境不耐性（IEI-EMF）を訴える人々における非特異的身体症状（NSPS）を評価し、機能状態および疾病行動（病気に伴う行動）における差異を明らかにすることを目的とし、オランダで実施された疫学研究である。調査は、自己記入式の質問票とその回答者の電子医療記録（一般開業医（GP）が登録）との結合により行われた。分析には、登録成人患者（n = 5789；18歳以上）が含まれ、内訳は、非感受性者（NS）群5073人、GES群514人であった。その結果：GES群は、NS群に比べ、代替療法を受診する可能性が高い人が約2倍多かった；IEI-EMF群では、その可能性の高い人が3倍以上と多くなった；2つの過敏症群では、症状および投薬処方の発生率が高く、症状の持続期間が長かった；自己申告によるNSPSの数および期間の増加は、機能障害、疾病行動、症状についての負の認知、GP登録されたNSPSの有病率と関連した；知見を総括すると、医学的および精神医学的罹患率の調整後においても、環境に敏感な個人は、健康状態の悪化、疾病行動の増加、およびより重症のNSPSを経験していることが示された、と報告している。
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A health survey of adults in the Netherlands was combined with the electronic medical records to assess non-specific physical symptoms in people with general environmental sensitivity (GES) and idiopathic environmental intolerance attributed to electromagnetic fields (IEI-EMF) and to determine differences in functional status and illness behavior.
To assess IEI-EMF, the participants were asked whether they were sensitive to mobile phone base stations, mobile phones, wireless internet or to electrical devices (e.g. domestic appliances).
A list of nine items (chemical substances, smells in general and in relation to scented detergents, noise, light, various materials, color, temperature changes and cold or warm environment) was used to assess general environmental sensitivity (GES) (also called idiopathic environmental intolerance (IEI).
Functional status was assessed by general practitioners-registered prevalence of prescriptions related to painkillers, tranquilizers (benzodiazepines) and antidepressants. For general health status and psychological distress, participants completed the General Health subscale of the RAND-36 Health Survey questionnaire. Sleep quality was assessed using a 10-item version of the Groningen Sleep Quality Scale.
| タイプ | 値 |
|---|---|
| 合計 | 13,007 |
| 参加者 | 5,933 |
| 評価可能 | 5,789 |
Overall, 202 (3.5%) participants and 514 (8.8%) participants met the criteria for the IEI-EMF and GES group respectively, while the rest of the participants (n=5073) formed the control group. Seventy-seven (38%) of participants in the IEI-EMF group also met the criteria for GES.
There was a higher prevalence of symptoms and medication prescriptions and longer symptom duration among people with sensitivities. Moreover, participants with GES were about twice as likely to consult alternative therapy compared to the control group; those with IEI-EMF were more than three times as likely. Increasing number and duration of self-reported non-specific physical symptoms were associated with functional impairment, illness behavior, negative symptom perceptions and prevalence of GP-registered non-specific physical symptoms in the examined groups.
Even after adjustment for medical and psychiatric morbidity, environmentally sensitive individuals experienced poorer health, increased illness behavior and more severe non-specific physical symptoms. The number and duration of self-reported non-specific physical symptoms are important components of symptom severity and are associated with characteristics similar to those of non-specific physical symptoms in primary care.
The authors conclude that the substantial overlap between the sensitive groups strengthens the notion that different types of sensitivities might be part of one, broader environmental illness.
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