Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zeni O et al. | 2003 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | incidence of micronuclei, cell cycle kinetics | 900 MHz | 0.2–1.6 W/kg | intermittent; 6 min on/3 h off, 14 on/off cycles of exposure, altogether 44 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Vijayalaxmi et al. | 2003 | 動物, rat/Fischer 344, 全身, 身体の一部: head | formation of micronuclei | 1.6 GHz | 0.077–1.6 W/kg | 2 h/day, 7 days/week,starting on day 19 of gestation and lasting until the offspring reached an age of 3 weeks | IRIDIUM, 移動体通信システム |
Mashevich M et al. | 2003 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | loss and gain of chromosome 17; aneuploidy | 830 MHz | 2–8.2 W/kg | continuous for 72 h | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話 |
McNamee JP et al. | 2002 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | DNA damage; formation of miconuclei | 1.9 GHz | 0.1–10 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | GSM, PCS, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
McNamee JP et al. | 2002 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | DNA damage and formation of miconuclei | 1.9 GHz | 0.1–10 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | TDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Bisht KS et al. | 2002 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, C3H 10T1/2 cells (derived from mouse embryo fibroblasts) | formation of micronuclei | 835.62 MHz | 3.2–5.1 W/kg | continuous for 3, 8,16, or 24 h | CDMA, FDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Takahashi S et al. | 2002 | 動物, mouse/Big Blue (BBM, transgenic for the <i>lac</i>I marker gene in lambda phage; C57BL/6 background), 身体の一部: head | mutation frequency | 1.5 GHz | 0.27–2 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 90 min/day, 5 days/week for 2 or 4 weeks | PDC, TDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Tice RR et al. | 2002 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | DNA and chromosomal damage | 837 MHz | 1–10 W/kg | continuous for 3 or 24 h | GSM, CDMA, TDMA, 移動体通信システム |
d'Ambrosio G et al. | 2002 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | chromosome damage, cell proliferation | 1.748 GHz | 2.25–5.02 W/kg | continuous for 15 min | GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Hook GJ | 2001 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human peripheral blood lymphocytes | - | 837–1,909.8 MHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, アナログ携帯電話, PCS, TDMA, CDMA, マイクロ波 |
Li L et al. | 2001 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, C3H 10T1/2 cells (derived from mouse embryo fibroblasts) | DNA damage | 835.62 MHz | 3.2–5.1 W/kg | continuous for 2 or 4 h | 移動体通信システム, CDMA, FDMA |
Vijayalaxmi et al. | 2001 | human blood samples | formation of micronuclei and chromosomal aberration | 847.74 MHz | 4.9–5.5 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | 移動体通信システム, CDMA |
Sykes PJ et al. | 2001 | 動物, mouse/pKZ1(transgenic, with beta-galactosidase gene (<i>lacZ</i>)), 全身 | intrachromosomal recombination, inversion frequency | 900 MHz | 4 W/kg | repeated daily exposure for 30 min/day for 1, 5 or 25 days (5 days/week) | GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Maes A et al. | 2001 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchange | 900 MHz | 0.4–10 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波, CW 連続波, PW パルス波 |
Vijayalaxmi et al. | 2001 | human blood samples | chromosomal aberration and micronuclei formation | 835.62 MHz | 4.4–5 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | 移動体通信システム, FDMA, CW 連続波 |
Maes A et al. | 2000 | blood samples | chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchan | 455.7 MHz | 6.5 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | アナログ携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Gos P et al. | 2000 | yeast, <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>/RS112<sup>a</sup>, RSY6 S35/2-10C, WDHY907<sup>b</sup> (ARG+ revertant; <i>CAN1</i> encodes the arginine permease), FY3<sup>c</sup> | mutagenesis and genomic stability (mutation rate and deletions) | 900 MHz | 0.13–1.3 W/kg | continuous for 1 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Antonopoulos A et al. | 1998 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | frequency of sister-chromatid exchange, velocity of cell cycle | 380 MHz | 82.9–1,700 mW/kg | continuous for 48, 52, 56, 64, and 68 h | 移動体通信システム, GSM |
Phillips JL et al. | 1998 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, Molt-4 cells | single-strand breaks (comet assay) | 813.5625 MHz | 2.4–26 µW/g | intermittent 20 min on/off for 2, 3 and 21 hours | iDEN, NADC, TDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Maes A et al. | 1997 | blood samples | chromosome aberration; single-strand breaks (comet assay) | 935.2 MHz | 0.4 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | 移動体通信システム, GSM, RF, マイクロ波 |
Malyapa RS et al. | 1997 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, C3H 10T1/2 cells (derived from mouse embryo fibroblasts) and U87MG (human glioblastoma cells) | DNA damage (comet assay) | 835.62 MHz | 0.6 W/kg | continuous for 2, 4 or 24 h | 移動体通信システム, CDMA, RF, CW 連続波 |
Cain CD et al. | 1997 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, C3H 10T1/2 and UV/TDT10e (10e) cells (mouse fibroblast cells) | <i>in vitro</i> carcinogenesis/focus formation | 836.55 MHz | 0.15–15 µW/g | 20 min on - 20 min off, 24 h/day for 28 days | TDMA, 移動体通信システム, RF, PW パルス波 |
Eberle P et al. | 1996 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | mutations in genes and chromosomes, cell proliferation | 440 MHz | - | continuous for 70, 50, or 39 h | 移動体通信システム, GSM, C-Net |
Hansen V et al. | 1996 | DNA/RNA, 細菌, ウイルス/バクテリオファージ, <i>Escherichia coli</i>/WP2, WP2uvrA, W575 | effects on biological material (enzyme activity, survival of bacteriophages, and DNA damage) | 900 MHz | 11.75–87 mW/kg | continuous for about 100 days or about 30 days | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Maes A et al. | 1996 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | sister chromatid exchange | 954 MHz | 1.5 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | 携帯電話基地局, GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
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