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The W-CDMA component of the IMT-2000 cellular system adopts Direct Sequence CDMA (DSCDMA) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) as a multiple access and duplex scheme, respectively. The chip rate of the spread code of this system is 3.84 Mcps.
A beam-formed RF exposure incubator employing a horn antenna, a dielectric lens, and a culture case in an anechoic chamber was developed for large-scale in vitro studies [Iyama et al., 2004].
Aufbau
This system allowed simultaneous exposure of 49 (7 x 7 array) 35-mm culture dishes with a uniform SAR distribution in the medium. Nine of the inner 25 culture dishes (5 x 5 array) were used in this study.
Two identical incubators in separate anechoic chambers were provided with identical air through sealed ducts at 37.0 °C, 5.0% CO2, and >90% humidity. They were selected blindly for RF or sham exposure by a mechanical switch in a dummy box.
Bourthoumieu S et al.
(2013):
Study of p53 expression and post-transcriptional modifications after GSM-900 radiofrequency exposure of human amniotic cells
Kim HN et al.
(2012):
Analysis of the cellular stress response in MCF10A cells exposed to combined radio frequency radiation
Calabro E et al.
(2012):
Modulation of heat shock protein response in SH-SY5Y by mobile phone microwaves
Sekijima M et al.
(2010):
2-GHz band CW and W-CDMA modulated radiofrequency fields have no significant effect on cell proliferation and gene expression profile in human cells
Ding GR et al.
(2009):
Comparison of Hsps expression after radio-frequency field exposure in three human glioma cell lines
Yu Y et al.
(2008):
Effects of exposure to 1.8 GHz radiofrequency field on the expression of Hsps and phosphorylation of MAPKs in human lens epithelial cells
Valbonesi P et al.
(2008):
Evaluation of HSP70 expression and DNA damage in cells of a human trophoblast cell line exposed to 1.8 GHz amplitude-modulated radiofrequency fields
Sanchez S et al.
(2008):
Effect of GSM-900 and -1800 signals on the skin of hairless rats. III: Expression of heat shock proteins
Chauhan V et al.
(2007):
Analysis of gene expression in two human-derived cell lines exposed in vitro to a 1.9 GHz pulse-modulated radiofrequency field
Sanchez S et al.
(2007):
In Vitro Study of the Stress Response of Human Skin Cells to GSM-1800 Mobile Phone Signals Compared to UVB Radiation and Heat Shock
Friedman J et al.
(2007):
Mechanism of short-term ERK activation by electromagnetic fields at mobile phone frequencies
Lee JS et al.
(2006):
Radiofrequency radiation does not induce stress response in human T-lymphocytes and rat primary astrocytes
Vanderwaal RP et al.
(2006):
HSP27 phosphorylation increases after 45°C or 41°C heat shocks but not after non-thermal TDMA or GSM exposures
Chauhan V et al.
(2006):
Analysis of proto-oncogene and heat-shock protein gene expression in human derived cell-lines exposed in vitro to an intermittent 1.9 GHz pulse-modulated radiofrequency field
Qutob SS et al.
(2006):
Microarray gene expression profiling of a human glioblastoma cell line exposed in vitro to a 1.9 GHz pulse-modulated radiofrequency field
Hirose H et al.
(2006):
Phosphorylation and gene expression of p53 are not affected in human cells exposed to 2.1425 GHz band CW or W-CDMA modulated radiation allocated to mobile radio base stations
Chauhan V et al.
(2006):
Gene Expression Analysis of a Human Lymphoblastoma Cell Line Exposed In Vitro to an Intermittent 1.9 GHz Pulse-Modulated Radiofrequency Field
Lantow M et al.
(2006):
ROS release and Hsp70 expression after exposure to 1,800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in primary human monocytes and lymphocytes
Lantow M et al.
(2006):
Free radical release and HSP70 expression in two human immune-relevant cell lines after exposure to 1800 MHz radiofrequency radiation
Sakuma N et al.
(2006):
DNA strand breaks are not induced in human cells exposed to 2.1425 GHz band CW and W-CDMA modulated radiofrequency fields allocated to mobile radio base stations
Simko M et al.
(2006):
Hsp70 expression and free radical release after exposure to non-thermal radio-frequency electromagnetic fields and ultrafine particles in human Mono Mac 6 cells
Laszlo A et al.
(2005):
The heat-shock factor is not activated in mammalian cells exposed to cellular phone frequency microwaves
Miyakoshi J et al.
(2005):
Effects of exposure to a 1950 MHz radio frequency field on expression of Hsp70 and Hsp27 in human glioma cells
Cotgreave IA
(2005):
Biological stress responses to radio frequency electromagnetic radiation: are mobile phones really so (heat) shocking?
Capri M et al.
(2004):
1800 MHz radiofrequency (mobile phones, different Global System for Mobile communication modulations) does not affect apoptosis and heat shock protein 70 level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from young and old donors
Leszczynski D et al.
(2002):
Non-thermal activation of the hsp27/p38MAPK stress pathway by mobile phone radiation in human endothelial cells: Molecular mechanism for cancer- and blood-brain barrier-related effects
Kwee S et al.
(2001):
Changes in cellular proteins due to environmental non-ionizing radiation. I. Heat-shock proteins
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