Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shirai T et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | fertility, development, brain functions and morphology of major organs of rats | 2.14 GHz | 0.034–0.244 W/g | continuous for 20 h/day over 3 generations | 携帯電話, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Buchner K et al. | 2014 | 動物, ブタ (German Landrace (雌) およびGerman Landrace x Pietrain (子ブタ)), 全身 | 雌ブタの繁殖力および子ブタの奇形発生率 | 900 MHz | - | continuous | 携帯電話基地局, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Seckin E et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino (<i>in utero</i> and young animals), 全身 | - | 900 MHz | - | 1 h/day starting on the 12th day of pregnancy until 21 days after delivery | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Pawlak K et al. | 2014 | 動物 | - | 1,800 MHz | - | - | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF |
Margaritis LH et al. | 2014 | 無脊椎動物, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>/Oregon-R (wildtype) and <i>Drosophila virilis</i> | reproduction of <i>Drosophila spec.</i> (apoptosis in follicles; quantification of F1 pupae) | 27.15 MHz | 1.2 W/kg | 6 or 12 minutes daily for 1 (3rd day of experiment only), or 3 days (<i>D. virilis</i>) (follicles); 6 minutes daily for 7 days (<i>D. virilis</i>) (F1 pupae) | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, CW 連続波, ブルートゥース, DECT, W-LAN/WiFi, FM 放送(UKW), 電子レンジ/加熱装置 |
Vagula M et al. | 2013 | 動物, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>) | - | - | - | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話 |
Odaci E et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | spinal cord morphology and motor activity in young rats | 900 MHz | - | intermittent for 1 hour/day from day 13 to 21 of pregnancy | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Ikinci A et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身: <i>in utero</i> | hippocampus morphology and learning behavior in rat pups | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 1 h/day from day 13 to 21 of pregnancy | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Bas O et al. | 2013 | - | - | 900 MHz | - | - | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Umur AS et al. | 2013 | 動物, chicken embryos/White Leghorn (eggs), 全身 | development of the neural tube | - | 0.77 W/kg | standby mode for 30, 48 or 72 hours | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Burlaka A et al. | 2013 | 動物, Japanese quail, 全身: embryo <i>in ovo</i> | oxidative stress in quail embryos | 900 MHz | 3 µW/kg | intermittent for 158 h: 48 sec "on" (speech mode), 12 sec "off" | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF |
Tsybulin O et al. | 2013 | 動物, Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>), 全身: <i>in ovo</i> | number of somites in the embryos | 890–915 Hz | 3 µW/kg | intermittent for 38 h: 48 sec "on" (speech mode), 12 sec "off" | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Ozgur E et al. | 2013 | 動物, rabbit/New Zealand, 全身: prenatal and/or postnatal | blood parameters, lipid peroxidation | 1,800 MHz | - | 15 min/day for 7 days in pregnant animals (between 15th and 22nd day of gestation), for 7 days in female infants and for 14 days in male infants | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Luo Q et al. | 2013 | ヒト | protein expression in chorionic villous tissue | 900 MHz | 1.46–8.8 W/kg | continuous for 20 min. (according to "materials and methods" section) or 1 h (according to abstract)? | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Ingole IV et al. | 2012 | 動物, hen eggs (<i>Gallus domesticus</i> ) | - | 900 MHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話 |
Poulletier de Gannes F et al. | 2012 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | teratogenic effects (prenatal and postnatal development) | 2,450 MHz | 0.08–4 W/kg | 2 h/day, 6 days/week for 18 days | デジタル携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, W-LAN/WiFi |
Jing J et al. | 2012 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身: antenna close to the ear | level of neurotransmitters and oxidative stress in the brain | - | 0.9 W/kg | 3 times per day (3 x 10, 30 or 60 min) for 20 days during gestation | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Tsybulin O et al. | 2012 | 動物, Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>), 全身: embryo <i>in ovo</i> | number of somites in the embryos the 38 h exposed group; survival rate and hatchability of chicks, oxidative stress in brain, liver and heart in the 14 days exposed group | 890–915 MHz | 0.79 W/kg | continuous for 38 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, 低レベルマイクロ波 |
Grigoriev YG et al. | 2010 | 動物, rat | - | 2,450 MHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, 携帯電話基地局, GSM, 2.45 GHz |
Balmori A | 2010 | 動物, frog (<i>Rana temporaria</i>), 全身 | effects on tadpoles (e.g. growth, teratogenic effects, coordination of movement, mortality) | 648–2,155 MHz | - | continuous for 2 months (from the egg phase until prior to metamorphosis) | 携帯電話基地局, GSM, UMTS, 移動体通信システム |
Takahashi S et al. | 2010 | 動物, rat/Crl:CD(SD), 全身 | effects on rat dams and their offspring (teratogenicity and embryo toxicity) | 2.14 GHz | 0.04–0.16 W/kg | continuous for 20 hr/day from day 7 of gestation until weaning of F1 rats | 携帯電話, 携帯電話基地局, CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Fragopoulou AF et al. | 2010 | 動物, mouse/BALB/c, 全身 | teratogenicity, foetal development | 900 MHz | 0.6–0.94 W/kg | continuous for 6 min/day or 30 min/day during 5 days before and during the whole pregnancy | 携帯電話, デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Moghimi A et al. | 2009 | 動物, mouse/BALB/c | - | - | - | - | GSM, 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, マイクロ波, RF |
Lee HJ et al. | 2009 | 動物, mouse/ICR, 全身 | teratogenicity (mortality, growth retardation, head size, morphological malformations) | 848.5 MHz | 2–7.13 W/kg | continuous 2 times 45 min/day, separated by 15 min, throughout gestation (17 days) | 携帯電話, CDMA, 移動体通信システム, RF |
Ogawa K et al. | 2009 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley CD IGS, 身体の一部: head | embryogenesis | 1.95 GHz | 0.11–7 W/kg | 90 min/day from day 7 to day 17 of gestation | 携帯電話, CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Batellier F et al. | 2008 | - | - | - | - | - | 移動体通信システム |
Pyrpasopoulou A et al. | 2004 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | expression and localization of bone morphogenetic proteins and their receptors | 9.4 GHz | 500 nW/g | continuous during days 1-3 postcoitum | GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Bastide M et al. | 2001 | 動物, chicken embryos (eggs) and chicks, mouse/C57BL/6 j RJ, 全身 | cancer in mice, hormone levels in chicken and mice, antibody levels in chicken, mortality in chicken embryos | 900 MHz | - | continuous for up to 15 weeks | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, 磁界, 低周波電磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC), PC/TVモニタ, 遮蔽/電磁界の減衰 |
Klug S et al. | 1997 | rat embryo culture | teratogenicity | 150 MHz | 0.2–5 W/kg | continuous for 36 h | デジタル携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, RF |
Magras IN et al. | 1997 | 動物, mouse/BALB/c/f, 全身 | teratogenicity | 88.5–950 MHz | 1.936 µW/g | 5 pregnancies | 移動体通信システム, RF, ラジオ/TV送信機, TV 放送 (VHF/UHF), FM 放送(UKW), AMラジオ送信機, SW 放送 (KW) |
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