この研究は、マウスを用いた実験で、超低周波電磁界（ELF-EMF）ばく露（50 Hz、8 mT、4時間／日、28日間）により生じるマウスの認知障害および酸化的損傷に対するハスの種子の莢（さや）から抽出されたプロシアニジン（LSPC）（経口投与）の効果を調べた。プロシアニジンは抗酸化作用を持つ。マウスを5群（各n = 10）に分けた。擬似ばく露群、ELF-EMFばく露群、ELF-EMFばく露+30 mg/kg LSPC群、ELF-EMFばく露+60 mg/kg LSPC群、ELF-EMFばく露+90 mg/kg LSPC群である。その結果、ELF-EMFばく露+90 mg/kg LSPC群では、ELF-EMFばく露群に比べ、体重が有意に増加し、肝臓・胸腺・腎臓・脾臓それぞれの機能指数が正常値近くに維持された；ELF-EMFばく露群では、対照群に比べ、水迷路試験における学習および記憶の遂行成績が有意に低下したが、ELF-EMFばく露+90 mg/kg LSPC群では、ELF-EMFばく露群に比べ、それらの成績が顕著に改善した；ELF-EMFばく露群では、マロンジアルデヒド（MDA）、活性酸素種（ROS）、一酸化窒素（NO）および一酸化窒素シンターゼ（NOS）は、大半で有意な増加を示し、グルタチオンペルオキシダーゼ（GPx）、カタラーゼ（CAT）およびスーパーオキシドジスムターゼ（SOD）の活性は有意に減少した；しかし、LSPC（特に60、90 mg/kg）を投与した群では、MDA、ROS、NO含有量が減少し、NOS活性は低下した；さらに、LSPC（特に60、90 mg/kg）の投与は、海馬および血清中のGPx、CAT、SOD活性を有意に増強した、と報告している。
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To examine the effects of lotus seedpod procyanidins (LSPC) administration on cognitive deficits and oxidative damage induced by exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields in mice.
Five groups of mice were examined (n=10 per group): 1.) sham exposure, 2.) exposure, 3.) exposure + 30 mg/kg LSPC, 4.) exposure + 60 mg/kg LSPC and 5.) exposure + 90 mg/kg LSPC.
The LSPCs were derived from the seedpod of lotus plants and administered orally. Procyanidins belong to the class of flavonoids and are widely distributed in fruits, vegetables, seeds, flowers and bark. They act as an antioxidant.
| ばく露 | パラメータ |
|---|---|
|
ばく露1:
50 Hz
ばく露時間:
4 h/day for 28 days
|
|
| 周波数 | 50 Hz |
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| ばく露時間 | 4 h/day for 28 days |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 | |
|---|---|
| チャンバの詳細 | mice were exposed in well ventilated perspex boxes and these boxes were placed in the middle of the coils, temperature in the boxes was 23 ± 0.5°C, pair of helmholtz coils (1 mm wire diameter, 32 cm internal diameter, 36 cm external diameter) with 500 turns was used |
| ばく露装置の詳細 | exposure device was placed in a temperature controlled room (23 ± 2°C) |
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| Additional information | sham exposed mice were placed under the same conditions without applying an extremely low frequency electromagnetic field |
| 測定量 | 値 | 種別 | Method | Mass | 備考 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 磁束密度 | 8 mT | - | 測定値 | - | - |
The magnetic field-exposure led to a significantly decreased body weight in comparison to the sham exposure. However, an administration of 90 mg/kg LSPCs diminished this effect.
In the Morris water maze, the spatial memory and learning was significantly decreased in the magnetic field-exposed group when compared to the sham exposure, but improved again with an administration of 90 mg/kg LSPCs.
The levels of malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide and the enzyme activity of nitric oxide synthase were significantly increased after the magnetic field-exposure, while the enzyme activities of glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase were significantly desreased compared to the sham exposed group. However, an administration of LSPCs (especially 60 and 90 mg/kg) decreased the levels of malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthase significantly and increased the enzyme activities of glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase significantly in comparison to the magnetic field-exposed mice without LSPCs.
The histopathological examination showed a significantly lower number of pyramidal cells in some regions of the hippocampus of exposed mice compared to the sham exposure, while an administration of LSPCs prevented this effect.
The authors conclude that exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields could induce oxidative stress and influence the cognitive performance in mice. An administration of LSPCs could prevent those impairments.
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