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Umspannwerk

Gehört zu:

Stromversorgung

Synonyme:

Trafostation, Transformerstation, Umspannstation

Beschreibung:

Umspannwerke dienen der Transformation elektrischer Energie auf verschiedene Spannungsebenen im öffentlichen Stromversorgungsnetz - sowohl für Haushalte als auch für den Schienenverkehr. Je nach Hochspannung erfolgt die Transformation in Freiluft- (110 - 400 kV)- oder Innenraumanlagen (6 - 110 kV). Umspannwerke bestehen in der Regel aus Leistungstransformatoren, Schaltanlagen sowie verschiedenen Mess- und Regelungssystemen. Sind keine Leistungstransformatoren vorhanden, spricht man von einem Lastverteiler. Aufgrund der hohen Automatisierung erfolgt der Betrieb von Umspannwerken oft ferngesteuert von einer Leitzentrale aus.

Die Angabe der Nennspannung ist diejenige Spannung, auf die eine andere, höhere Spannung herunter transformiert worden ist.

Frequenzbereiche:

• 50–60 Hz

Feldtyp:

elektrisch und magnetisch

Messwerte (lt. Literatur)

Quellen

1. Valic B et al. (2015): Typical exposure of children to EMF: exposimetry and dosimetry
2. Korpinen LH et al. (2010): Occupational exposure to electric and magnetic fields during work tasks at 110 kV substations in the Tampere region
3. Korpinen L et al. (2011): Occupational exposure to electric and magnetic fields while working at switching and transforming stations of 110 kV
4. Korpinen LH et al. (2012): Occupational exposure to electric fields and currents associated with 110 kv substation tasks
5. Okun O et al. (2013): A comparison of magnetic fields inside and outside high-voltage urban 110-kV power substations with the exposure recommendations of the Ukrainian regulatory authorities
6. Korpinen L et al. (2015): Examples of occupational exposure to electric and magnetic fields at 110-kV gas-insulated substations (GISs)
7. Barsam T et al. (2012): Effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure on sleep quality in high voltage substations
8. Helhel S et al. (2008): Assessment of occupational exposure to magnetic fields in high-voltage substations (154/34.5 kV)
9. Hayashi N et al. (1989): ELF electromagnetic environment in power substations
10. Baroncelli P et al. (1986): A health examination of railway high-voltage substation workers exposed to ELF electromagnetic fields
11. Nassiri P et al. (2013): Exposure assessment of extremely low frequency electric fields in Tehran, Iran, 2010
12. Fard MS et al. (2011): Measurement of the magnetic fields of high-voltage substations (230 kV) in Tehran (Iran) and comparison with the ACGIH threshold limit values
13. Ozen S (2008): Evaluation and measurement of magnetic field exposure at a typical high-voltage substation and its power lines
14. Tarao H et al. (2013): Numerical evaluation of currents induced in a worker by ELF non-uniform electric fields in high voltage substations and comparison with experimental results
15. Korpinen LH et al. (2011): Occupational exposure to electric fields and induced currents associated with 400 kV substation tasks from different service platforms
16. Korpinen LH et al. (2009): Evaluation of current densities and total contact currents in occupational exposure at 400 kV substations and power lines
17. Lovstrand KG (1976): Determination of exposure to electric fields in extra high voltage substations
18. Mariscotti A et al. (2004): Low-frequency magnetic field in DC railway substations