Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wang X et al. | 2015 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, Neuro-2a (mouse neuroblastoma) cells | DNA damage, oxidative stress and cell viability | 900 MHz | 0.5–2 W/kg | continuous for 24 hours | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Gurbuz N et al. | 2015 | - | - | 2,100 MHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, 共ばく露 |
Zuo WQ et al. | 2015 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, spiral ganglion neurons of rat | - | 1,800 MHz | - | - | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Kumar G et al. | 2015 | 単離された臓器, rat bones (femur and tibia) | - | 900 MHz | 2–12.4 W/kg | - | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, CW 連続波, PW パルス波 |
Deshmukh PS et al. | 2015 | 動物, rat/Fischer 344, 全身 | cognitive function, Hsp70 protein expression and DNA damage in the rat brain | 900 MHz | 0.5853–0.6672 mW/kg | continuous for 2 h/day, 5 days/week for 180 days | 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波, 2.45 GHz |
Duan W et al. | 2015 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, GC-2 cells (murine spermatocyte-derived cell line) | DNA damage | 50 Hz | 1–4 W/kg | intermittent 5 min field on and 10 min field off for 24 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Zong C et al. | 2015 | 動物, mouse/ICR, 全身 | DNA damage in leukocytes, oxidative stress and antioxidative status in plasma, liver and lung | 900 MHz | 50 mW/kg | continuous for 4 h/day for 7 days | 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, CW 連続波, 共ばく露 |
Hou Q et al. | 2015 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, NIH3T3 cells (mouse fibroblast cell line) | oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis in mouse embryonic fibroblasts | 1,800 MHz | 2 W/kg | intermittent exposure (5 min on/10 min off) for 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6 or 8 hours | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Kumar S et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | effects on testis and sperms | 1,910.5 MHz | 0.0226–1.34 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours/day on 6 days/week for 60 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Gorpinchenko I et al. | 2014 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human spermatozoa | sperm parameter | 900–1,800 MHz | - | intermittent every 10 minutes for 5 hours (standby mode with outgoing calls every 10 minutes) | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Gurbuz N et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | micronucleus formation in exfoliated bladder cells | 1,800 MHz | 0.23 W/kg | continuous for 30 minutes/day, 6 days/week for 1 or 2 months | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Sannino A et al. | 2014 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human lymphocytes | DNA damage (micronucleus formation) | 1,950 MHz | 0.3 W/kg | continuous for 20 hours | 携帯電話, UMTS, 移動体通信システム |
Kesari KK et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/ Wistar, 全身 | DNA damage, protein expression, apoptosis and oxidative stress in brain | 2,115 MHz | 0.26–0.9 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours/day for 60 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Souza LCM et al. | 2014 | ヒト, 身体の一部 | nuclear abnormalities | 850–1,900 MHz | 0.344–1.38 W/kg | > 5 hours mobile phone use per week | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Zahedifar Z et al. | 2013 | 動物, mouse/BALB/c | - | 940 MHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, マイクロ波, 共ばく露 |
Hanci H et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身: <i>in utero</i> | DNA damage in plasma, apoptosis, histopathological changes and oxidative stress in testis | 900 MHz | - | 1 h/day from 13th to 21st day of pregnancy | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界 |
Liu C et al. | 2013 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, GC-2 cells (murine spermatocyte-derived cell line) | DNA damage | - | 0.585–0.813 W/kg | - | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, PW パルス波, 共ばく露 |
Deshmukh PS et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Fischer 344, 全身 | DNA damage in the rat brain | 900 MHz | 0.5838–0.6672 mW/kg | 2 h/day, 5 days/week for 30 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, 低レベルマイクロ波, 2.45 GHz |
Speit G et al. | 2013 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells) | comet assay and formation of micronuclei | 1,800 MHz | 1.3–10 W/kg | intermittent, 5 min on/10 min off for 24 h | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Vijayalaxmi et al. | 2013 | blood samples | micronuclei formation | 2,450 MHz | 10.9 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | 携帯電話, UMTS, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, CW 連続波, PW パルス波, 2.45 GHz, 職業的, 共ばく露 |
Atli Sekeroglu Z et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | DNA damage, cytotoxicity | 900 MHz | 0.37–0.76 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day for 45 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, CW 連続波 |
Tkalec M et al. | 2013 | 無脊椎動物, earthworm (<i>Eisenia fetida</i>), 全身 | genotoxicity, oxidative stress | 900 MHz | 0.13–9.33 mW/kg | continuous for 2 hours | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Xu S et al. | 2013 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, CHL (Chinese hamster lung) cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), primary newborn rat astrocytes, human amniotic epithelial cells, human lens epithelial cells (HLEC), human skin fibroblasts | DNA damage, DNA double strand breaks | 1,800 MHz | 3 W/kg | intermittent for 1 h or 24 h (5 min "on", 10 min "off") | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Liu C et al. | 2013 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, GC-2 cells (murine spermatocyte-derived cell line) | DNA damage, oxidative stress | 1,800 MHz | 1–4 W/kg | intermittent (5 min on, 10 min off) for 24 hours | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Waldmann P et al. | 2013 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human peripheral blood lymphocytes | DNA damage | 1,800 MHz | 0.2–10 W/kg | intermittent (5 min on, 10 min off) for 28 hours | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
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