Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yilmaz F et al. | 2008 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | apoptosis | 900 MHz | 0.52–3.13 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 20 min/day, for 1 month | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Moquet J et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, murine neuroblastoma cell line (N2a) | apoptosis | 935 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Hoyto A et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) and mouse fibroblasts (L929) | cell proliferation, cell death | 872 MHz | 5 W/kg | continuous for 1 or 24 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Cranfield CG et al. | 2003 | 細菌, magnetite-containing bacteria (<i>Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum</i>), nonmagnetic bacteria (<i>CC-26 strain of Proteobacteria</i>) | cell mortality | 1.8 GHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 30 min | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Dogan M et al. | 2012 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | brain metabolism, oxidative stress, histopathology and apoptosis in the brain | 1.9 Hz–2.2 GHz | - | every day two times 20 min (1x talking, 1x listening mode) from day 2 to day 21 | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Kim TH et al. | 2008 | 動物, mouse/C57BL, 身体の一部: head | effects on the brain (cell proliferation, cell death / apoptosis, distribution of neurons and glia cells) | 849 MHz | 1.55–7.8 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 1 h/day, 5 days/week, for 6 or 12 months | デジタル携帯電話, PCS, CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Lee JS et al. | 2016 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, HT22 (mouse hippocampus neuronal cells) | cytotoxicity | 837–1,950 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours | 携帯電話, CDMA, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム, 非EMF, 共ばく露 |
Liu YX et al. | 2015 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, U251-MG, U87-MG, T98G and A127 (human glioblastoma cell lines) | cellular parameters <i>in vitro</i> and tumorigenesis <i>in vivo</i> | 1,950 MHz | 5 W/kg | continuous for 12 hours | 携帯電話, CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Gläser K et al. | 2016 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | - | 900–2,535 MHz | - | - | 携帯電話, GSM, UMTS, LTE, 移動体通信システム |
Calabro E et al. | 2012 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) | cellular stress response (heat shock protein expression, cell viability and apoptosis) | 1,760 MHz | 0.086 W/kg | continuous for 2 h and 4 h | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Sokolovic D et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | oxidative stress, proliferation and apoptosis in thymocytes, genotoxicity | 900 MHz | 0.043–0.135 W/g | continuous for 4 hours/day on 20, 40 or 60 consecutive days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Kruglik OV et al. | 2013 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, EAC cells (Ehrlich ascites carcinoma) | - | 900 MHz | - | - | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Köktürk S et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | apoptosis in the cerebellum | 900 MHz | - | 30 min/day until rats were 80 days old | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Hou Q et al. | 2015 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, NIH3T3 cells (mouse fibroblast cell line) | oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis in mouse embryonic fibroblasts | 1,800 MHz | 2 W/kg | intermittent exposure (5 min on/10 min off) for 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6 or 8 hours | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Motawi TK et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino | - | 900 MHz | - | - | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Ozgur E et al. | 2014 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, Hep G2 cells (hepatic transformed cell line) | - | 900 MHz | 2 W/kg | - | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Liu K et al. | 2014 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, GC-2 cells (murine spermatocyte-derived cell line) | - | 1,800 MHz | 1–4 W/kg | intermittent for 24 hours (5 min on and 10 min off) | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Chen C et al. | 2014 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, embryonic neural stem cells (mouse/BALB/c) | differentiation, cell growth and cell viability of neural stem cells | 1,800 MHz | 1–4 W/kg | intermittent for 1 to 3 days (5 min field on, 10 min field off) | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Stefi AL et al. | 2019 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | - | - | - | - | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Fasseas MK et al. | 2015 | 無脊椎動物, nematode (<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>)/N2 (wild type), DR1572, DR26, TK22, CL4176, NL5901, RB864, CL2070 (<i>hsp-16.2</i>), CF1553 (<i>sod-3</i>), SJ4005 (<i>hsp-4</i>), LG333 (<i>skn-1</i>), LD1171 (<i>gcs-1</i>) and CL2166 (<i>gst-4</i>) | effects on fertility, neurodegeneration, short-term memory, chemotaxis, stress, apoptosis, life span and growth of <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> | 1,780–1,800 MHz | - | continuous for 0.5, 1, 3, 6 or 24 h | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波, DECT, W-LAN/WiFi |
Atasoy A et al. | 2009 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | cell surface antigenic structures, cell viability, cell proliferation, apoptosis | 450 MHz | - | continuous for 2 hr, 6 hr or 24 hr | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界 |
Cig B et al. | 2015 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, MCF-7 (human breast cancer cell line) | apoptosis, cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration, generation of reactive oxygen species | 900 MHz | 0.18–0.58 mW/kg | continuous for 1 hour | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz |
Kahya MC et al. | 2014 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, MDA-MB-231 cells (breast cancer cell line) | - | 900 MHz | 0.36 W/kg | - | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Falzone N et al. | 2010 | human spermatozoa | pro-apoptosis events in human spermatozoa (e.g. enzyme activity of caspases, externalization of phosphatidylserine, DNA strand breaks and production of reactive oxygen species) | 900 MHz | 2–5.7 W/kg | continuous for 60 min. | 携帯電話, デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Panagopoulos DJ et al. | 2010 | 無脊椎動物, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>/Oregon-R | ovarian cell death/DNA fragmentation, reproductive capacity of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> | 900 MHz | 0.89 W/kg | continuous for 6 min/day on 6 days | 携帯電話, 携帯電話基地局, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
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