研究のタイプ: 医学／生物学の研究 (experimental study)

[1800 MHz無線周波は、若齢および高齢ドナーの末梢血単核細胞のアポトーシスと熱ショックタンパク70レベルに影響しない。] med./bio.

1800 MHz radiofrequency (mobile phones, different Global System for Mobile communication modulations) does not affect apoptosis and heat shock protein 70 level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from young and old donors

著者: Capri M, Scarcella E, Bianchi E, Fumelli C, Mesirca P, Agostini C, Remondini D, Schuderer J, Kuster N, Franceschi C, Bersani F
掲載誌: Int J Radiat Biol 2004; 80 (6): 389-397
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この研究は、若齢および高齢ドナーの末梢血単核細胞（PBMC）のアポトーシス､ミトコンドリア膜電位、熱ショックタンパク（HSP）70レベルに対する1800MHz無線周波電磁界の影響を調べた。若齢ドナー（27±5歳）、高齢ドナー（88±1歳）から得たPBMCは調整・培養後、実験に用いた。アポトーシス誘発剤2-deoxy-D-riboseの有無別に、3つの変調タイプのGSM信号（GSM Basic、DTX、Talk；SARは1.4または2.0W/ kg）にばく露または擬似ばく露した結果を比較した（本文では、培養ペトリ皿のSARの不均一の程度、不確かさの程度を詳しく記載）。その結果、全てのばく露条件、全てのエンドポイントで、ばく露群、擬似ばく露群に有意差はなかった､と報告している。

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研究目的（著者による）

To investigate if prolonged in vitro exposure to 1800 MHz radiofrequency could exert an effect on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from young and elderly donors by affecting apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (a parameter highly correlated with the apoptotic process) and heat shock protein (HSP 70) levels. Endpoints were examined in the presence or absence of the apoptosis-inducing agent 2-deoxy-D-ribose.

影響評価項目

ばく露

ばく露 パラメータ
ばく露1: 1,800 MHz
Modulation type: pulsed
ばく露時間: intermittent, 10 min on/20 min off, for 44 h
GSM Basic
  • SAR: 2 W/kg average over time (16.6 W/kg slot average)
ばく露2: 1,800 MHz
Modulation type: pulsed
ばく露時間: intermittent, 10 min on/20 min off, for 44 h
GSM DTX
  • SAR: 1.4 W/kg average over time (97.1 W/kg slot average)
ばく露3: 1,800 MHz
Modulation type: pulsed
ばく露時間: intermittent, 10 min on/20 min off, for 44 h
GSM Talk
  • SAR: 2 W/kg average over time (23.7 W/kg slot average)

ばく露1

主たる特性
周波数 1,800 MHz
タイプ
  • electromagnetic field
特性
  • guided field
ばく露時間 intermittent, 10 min on/20 min off, for 44 h
Additional information GSM Basic
Modulation
Modulation type pulsed
Pulse width 0.576 ms
Duty cycle 12.5 %
Repetition frequency 217 Hz
Pulse type rectangular
Additional information

GSM Basic signal with every 26th frame of the basic TDMA frame being idle (adding an 8-Hz modulation component)
ばく露装置
ばく露の発生源／構造
チャンバの詳細 The exposure set-up consisted of two single-mode resonator cavities equipped with a fan and field sensors and placed within a CO2 incubator. Exposure and sham conditions were blindly assigned to the two waveguides by the computer-controlled signal unit. Field strengths, temperatures and fan currents as well as all commands were continuously logged. The difference in air temperature between the exposed and sham waveguide monitored with accurate Pt100 probes was less than 0.1°C.
ばく露装置の詳細 Six 35-mm Petri dishes were exposed in each waveguide resonator with a dish holder placing them exactly in the H-field maximum of the standing wave. The system enabled the exposure of monolayers of cells with a non-uniformity of SAR of less than 30% (SD).
Sham exposure A sham exposure was conducted.
Additional information Sham and RF exposures were performed immediately after cell seeding with or without dRib treatment. The maximum temperature load for the exposed cells due to absorption was below 0.04°C. Simulations of the temperature distribution in the Petri dish showed that hot spots in the cell medium could be excluded.
パラメータ
測定量 値 種別 Method Mass 備考
SAR 2 W/kg average over time 測定値および計算値 - 16.6 W/kg slot average
測定および計算の詳細

Field, SAR and temperature characterizations were performed with numerical methods (FDTD) and were experimentally verified using the near-field scanner DASY3 equipped with dosimetric field and temperature probes. An uncertainty and variation analysis resulted in an absolute uncertainty of 20% for the SAR assessment and in variations in SAR for the cells of 29%, caused by the non-uniformity of the SAR distribution and other variations that could occur between different experiments.

ばく露2

主たる特性
周波数 1,800 MHz
タイプ
  • electromagnetic field
特性
  • guided field
ばく露時間 intermittent, 10 min on/20 min off, for 44 h
Additional information GSM DTX
Modulation
Modulation type pulsed
Pulse width 0.576 ms
Duty cycle 12.5 %
Repetition frequency 217 Hz
Pulse type rectangular
Additional information

GSM DTX signal (active during periods without speaking) with transmission being reduced to 12 frames per 104 frame intermediate multiframe (resulting in 2-, 8- and 217-Hz components)
ばく露装置
ばく露の発生源／構造
  • E1と同じ装置
Sham exposure A sham exposure was conducted.
パラメータ
測定量 値 種別 Method Mass 備考
SAR 1.4 W/kg average over time 測定値および計算値 - 97.1 W/kg slot average

ばく露3

主たる特性
周波数 1,800 MHz
タイプ
  • electromagnetic field
特性
  • guided field
ばく露時間 intermittent, 10 min on/20 min off, for 44 h
Additional information GSM Talk
Modulation
Modulation type pulsed
Pulse width 0.576 ms
Duty cycle 12.5 %
Repetition frequency 217 Hz
Pulse type rectangular
Additional information

GSM Talk signal simulating a conversation and generating temporal changes between 50 s of GSM Basic and 97 s of GSM DTX (average durations)
ばく露装置
ばく露の発生源／構造
  • E1と同じ装置
Sham exposure A sham exposure was conducted.
パラメータ
測定量 値 種別 Method Mass 備考
SAR 2 W/kg average over time 測定値および計算値 - 23.7 W/kg slot average

ばく露を受けた生物:

方法 影響評価項目／測定パラメータ／方法

研究対象とした生物試料:
調査の時期:
  • ばく露後

研究の主なアウトカム（著者による）

In all conditions and for all endpoints studied, there was no significant difference between irradiated and sham-exposed cells. 1800 MHz radiofrequency could not induce apoptosis by itself or affect the apoptotic phenomenon when induced by an apoptotic agent. Moreover, radiofrequency exposure did not modify the mitochondrial functionality and the expression of HSP 70.

研究の種別:

研究助成

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