To investigate if prolonged in vitro exposure to 1800 MHz radiofrequency could exert an effect on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from young and elderly donors by affecting apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (a parameter highly correlated with the apoptotic process) and heat shock protein (HSP 70) levels. Endpoints were examined in the presence or absence of the apoptosis-inducing agent 2-deoxy-D-ribose.
Exposure | Parameters |
---|---|
Exposure 1:
1,800 MHz
Modulation type:
pulsed
Exposure duration:
intermittent, 10 min on/20 min off, for 44 h
|
|
Exposure 2:
1,800 MHz
Modulation type:
pulsed
Exposure duration:
intermittent, 10 min on/20 min off, for 44 h
|
|
Exposure 3:
1,800 MHz
Modulation type:
pulsed
Exposure duration:
intermittent, 10 min on/20 min off, for 44 h
|
|
Frequency | 1,800 MHz |
---|---|
Type | |
Charakteristic |
|
Exposure duration | intermittent, 10 min on/20 min off, for 44 h |
Additional info | GSM Basic |
Exposure source | |
---|---|
Chamber | The exposure set-up consisted of two single-mode resonator cavities equipped with a fan and field sensors and placed within a CO2 incubator. Exposure and sham conditions were blindly assigned to the two waveguides by the computer-controlled signal unit. Field strengths, temperatures and fan currents as well as all commands were continuously logged. The difference in air temperature between the exposed and sham waveguide monitored with accurate Pt100 probes was less than 0.1°C. |
Setup | Six 35-mm Petri dishes were exposed in each waveguide resonator with a dish holder placing them exactly in the H-field maximum of the standing wave. The system enabled the exposure of monolayers of cells with a non-uniformity of SAR of less than 30% (SD). |
Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
Additional info | Sham and RF exposures were performed immediately after cell seeding with or without dRib treatment. The maximum temperature load for the exposed cells due to absorption was below 0.04°C. Simulations of the temperature distribution in the Petri dish showed that hot spots in the cell medium could be excluded. |
Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SAR | 2 W/kg | average over time | measured and calculated | - | 16.6 W/kg slot average |
Frequency | 1,800 MHz |
---|---|
Type | |
Charakteristic |
|
Exposure duration | intermittent, 10 min on/20 min off, for 44 h |
Additional info | GSM DTX |
Modulation type | pulsed |
---|---|
Pulse width | 0.576 ms |
Duty cycle | 12.5 % |
Repetition frequency | 217 Hz |
Pulse type | rectangular |
Additional info |
GSM DTX signal (active during periods without speaking) with transmission being reduced to 12 frames per 104 frame intermediate multiframe (resulting in 2-, 8- and 217-Hz components) |
Exposure source |
|
---|---|
Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SAR | 1.4 W/kg | average over time | measured and calculated | - | 97.1 W/kg slot average |
Frequency | 1,800 MHz |
---|---|
Type | |
Charakteristic |
|
Exposure duration | intermittent, 10 min on/20 min off, for 44 h |
Additional info | GSM Talk |
Exposure source |
|
---|---|
Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SAR | 2 W/kg | average over time | measured and calculated | - | 23.7 W/kg slot average |
In all conditions and for all endpoints studied, there was no significant difference between irradiated and sham-exposed cells. 1800 MHz radiofrequency could not induce apoptosis by itself or affect the apoptotic phenomenon when induced by an apoptotic agent. Moreover, radiofrequency exposure did not modify the mitochondrial functionality and the expression of HSP 70.
This website uses cookies to provide you the best browsing experience. By continuing to use this website you accept our use of cookies.