Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yamashita H et al. | 2010 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 身体の一部: head | serum 17β-estradiol level and estrogenic activity (uterus weight) | 1,439 MHz | 0.88–6.1 W/kg | continuous for 4 hr/day on 3 consecutive days | 携帯電話, TDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Yan JG et al. | 2009 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | mRNA synthesis (gene expression) of several injury-associated proteins | 800 MHz | 0.9–1.8 W/kg | 2 times 3 hr / day (with 30 min rest period between exposures), on 7 days/week for 18 weeks | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, アナログ携帯電話, デジタル携帯電話, CDMA |
Meral I et al. | 2007 | 動物, guinea pig, 全身 | different blood vitamin levels, oxidative stress in the brain | 890–915 MHz | 0.95 W/kg | continuous for 12 h/day (11 h 45 min stand-by mode, 15 min speaking mode) on 30 days | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, RF電磁界 |
Bilgici B et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | oxidative stress in brain and serum | 850–950 MHz | 1.08 W/kg | continuous for 1 h/day for 3 weeks | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Esmekaya MA et al. | 2010 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | effects on thyroid gland | 900 MHz | 1.35 W/kg | continuous for 20 min./day on 21 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Weisbrot D et al. | 2003 | 無脊椎動物, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>/Oregon-R, 全身 | different biological effects on <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> | 1,900 MHz | 1.4 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 2 times 60 min with a 4-h interval, for 10 days | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Mortazavi SM et al. | 2014 | 動物, mouse/BALB/c, 身体の一部: head | survival rate of mice | - | 1.4 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours/day for 3 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Mortazavi SMJ et al. | 2012 | 動物, mouse/BALB/c, 身体の一部: head | survival rate of mice | - | 1.4 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours/day for 3 days | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, GSM, 共ばく露 |
Koca O et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | histopathologic changes in the kidney | 1,800 MHz | 1.52 W/kg | 8 h/day speech mode, 16 h/day standby mode for 20 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, CW 連続波 |
Kwon MK et al. | 2012 | ヒト, 身体の一部: head | - | 1,950 MHz | 1.57 W/kg | - | 携帯電話, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Choi SB et al. | 2014 | ヒト | - | 1,950 MHz | 1.57 W/kg | - | 携帯電話, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム, 個人用 |
Kwon MK et al. | 2012 | ヒト, 身体の一部: head | - | 1,950 MHz | 1.6 W/kg | continuous for 32 min | デジタル携帯電話, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Lee KS et al. | 2008 | 無脊椎動物, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>/<i>Oregon-R</i>, wild type, <i>Actin5C-Gal4</i>, <i>UAS-SOD1IR</i>, and <i>UAS-SOD2IR</i>, 全身 | survival rate of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> | 835 MHz | 1.6–4 W/kg | continuous for 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 h | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話 |
Capri M et al. | 2006 | peripheral blood mononuclear cells | phenotype of T lymphocytes | 1,800 MHz | 2 W/kg | intermittent, 10 min on/20 min off for 44 h | 移動体通信システム, デジタル携帯電話 |
Yildiz M et al. | 2006 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | bone mineral density | 900 MHz | 2 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 30 min/day, 5 days/week, for 4 weeks | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話 |
Cicek E et al. | 2009 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | bone fracture | 900 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 30 min/day, for 28 days | 携帯電話, デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, CW 連続波 |
Jin YB et al. | 2011 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | chronic illness (body and organ weights, urinalysis, haematological and blood biochemical analysis, histopathological changes) | 849 MHz–1.95 GHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 45 min/day, 5 days/week for 12 months | CDMA, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Kang KA et al. | 2014 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, NIH3T3 cells (mouse fibroblasts), U87 (human glioma cells), PC12 (rat pheochromocytoma cells), SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cells) | cell viability, oxidative stress | 837–1,950 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours | 携帯電話, CDMA, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Yoon SY et al. | 2011 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human scalp hair follicle preparations (of three individuals), human dermal papilla cells (hDPC), NIH3T3 cells (mouse fibroblasts), C2C12 cells (undifferentiated myoblasts and differentiated myotubes), HeLa cell line (human adenocarcinoma cell line), OSE-80PC | hair growth <i>in vitro</i> and <i>ex vivo</i> | 1,763 MHz | 2–10 W/kg | continuous for 1 h or 3 h | CDMA, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界 |
Kowalczuk C et al. | 2010 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, 組織片, cell suspensions, IMR 32 (human neuroblastoma cells), G361 (human melanoma cells), HF-19 (human fibroblasts), N2a (murine neuroblastoma cells; differentiated and non-differentiated); CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells | demodulation ability of living cells and tissues (second harmonic generation) | 880–890 MHz | 2.5–10.6 mW/g | < 10 minutes (typically, a second harmonic test took around 2-3 min.) | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, CW 連続波 |
Thorlin T et al. | 2006 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | cell reactivity/cell damage | 906.6 MHz | 3.1–54 W/kg | continuous for 4, 8, and 24 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Acar GO et al. | 2009 | 動物, rabbit/New Zealand albino, 身体の一部: ear | effects on facial nerves and surrounding soft tissue | 1,900 MHz | 3.72 W/kg | continuous for 25 min | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, マイクロ波 |
Sefidbakht Y et al. | 2013 | 単離された生物学的/化学的物質, luciferase solution | luciferase structure and enzyme activity | 940 MHz | 0.021 W/g | exposure duration not given clearly (30 min?) | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界 |
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