この研究は、生体組織において無線周波数(RF)搬送波が復調され、ベースバンド信号が発生するという仮説を検証するために、多数の生物標本についてRFエネルギーの非線形変換が起きるか否か、二重共振キャビティを用いて調べた。試験したのは、高密度の細胞懸濁液（ヒトリンパ球とマウス骨髄細胞）、接着細胞（ヒト神経芽細胞腫細胞株IMR-32、ヒト黒色腫細胞株G361、ヒト線維芽細胞HF-19、マウス神経芽細胞腫細胞株N2a（分化と非分化）、チャイニーズハムスター卵巣（CHO）細胞）、マウス組織の薄片またはスライス（脳、腎臓、筋肉、肝臓、脾臓、睾丸、心臓、横隔膜）の生きている標本と生きていない標本（加熱処理または代謝阻害）である。標本をキャビティ内に置き、入射電力0.1または1mWで負荷キャビティの共鳴周波数（f；883MHz付近）の連続波にばく露させ、出力をモニターして第2高調波2fが発生するか否かを調べた。その結果、入射CW信号の第2高調波は検出されなかった；第2高調波の発生は復調にとって必要かつ十分な条件であるため、仮説は支持されなかったと報告している。
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The authors tested the hypothesis whether the electric and magnetic structures of cells exhibit the ability to demodulate radiofrequency carrier signals (i.e. to extract the low frequency component from the radiofrequency signal). The study was performed to investigate the possibility of the existence of a non-thermal interaction mechanism of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields.
If this mechanism would exist and biological cells and tissues could demodulate a radiofrequency signal, then they would be exposed to low frequency fields similar to those of biological processes and, therefore, with the potential for biological activity.
If the mechansim would exist it could be detected by the generation of a second harmonic signal upon exposure of the sample (i.e. by generation of double exposure frequency mediated by the sample). A doubly resonant cavity was used approaching the ultimate limits of physical sensitivity.
17 different cell suspensions (human lymphocytes and mouse bone marrow cells), adherent cells (different cell lines), Chinese hamster ovary cells and thin sections or slices of mouse tissues (brain, kidney, muscle, liver, spleen, testis, heart and diaphragm) were used. Aditionally, viable and non-viable samples were tested. Over 500 cell and tissue samples were exposed. The biological samples were selected to encompass varying degrees of electrical excitability.
| 周波数 | 880–890 MHz |
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| タイプ |
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| ばく露時間 | < 10 minutes (typically, a second harmonic test took around 2-3 min.) |
| Modulation type | CW |
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| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
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| ばく露装置の詳細 | cylindrical, gold-plated 27.54 cm long aluminum cavity with an inner diamter of 25 cm and two antennas; polycarbonate shelf placed in the center (position of E-field maximum) to support the Petri dishes; cavity placed inside an incubator; TE113 mode of the cavity tuned to coincide with twice the resonant frequency of the TE111 mode |
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
No consistent second harmonic of the incident continuous wave signals was detected. Therefore, these data do not support the hypothesis that living cells can demodulate radiofrequency energy, since second harmonic generation is the necessary and sufficient condition for demodulation.
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