Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gagnon ZE et al. | 2003 | 動物, mouse/Swiss Webster, 全身 | embryo development | 0 Hz–25 MHz | - | exposure started on the 18th day of pregnancy; one week later, offspring was born and maintained together with their mothers for 21 days. After that, only the mothers were left to continue for another 4 weeks. | EMF全般 |
Severini M et al. | 2003 | 動物, tadpoles of <i>Xenopus laevis</i>, 全身 | - | 50 Hz–15.797 kHz | - | 12 h/day from day 3 untill metamorphosis | 磁界, 中間周波, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Roda-Moreno JA et al. | 2003 | 動物, chicken embryos, 全身 | - | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 15 days | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Chung MK et al. | 2003 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | fertility and health of mother rats and teratogenicity in fetuses | 60 Hz | - | continuous for 22 h/day from day 6 to day 20 of gestation | 磁界, 低周波電磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Toman R et al. | 2002 | - | - | - | - | 20 min | 磁界 |
Negishi T et al. | 2002 | 動物, rat/Sprague Dawley (embryo and adult) | - | 50 Hz | - | intermittent; 22h/day | 50/60 Hz (AC), 磁界 |
Okazaki R et al. | 2001 | 動物, mouse/ICR, 全身: <i>in utero</i> | - | - | - | continuously for 2 days | 静磁界, MRI, 共ばく露 |
Gu Y et al. | 2001 | 動物, mouse/ICR (embryo), 全身: <i>in utero</i> | - | - | - | - | MRI, 非EMF, 共ばく露 |
Huuskonen H et al. | 2001 | マウス胚, マウス/CBA/s | マウス胚の発生 | 50 Hz | - | from 8 h after ovulation to blastocyst stage | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Di Carlo AL et al. | 2001 | 動物, chicken embryos (eggs), 全身 | - | 60 Hz | - | continuous for 20 min | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC), 共ばく露 |
Shams Lahijani M et al. | 2000 | 動物, ニワトリ胚(卵)/White Leghorn, 全身 | 催奇形性作用 | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 24 hr | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Shams Lahijani M et al. | 2000 | 動物, chicken embryos (eggs), 全身 | - | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 24 h | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Ryan BM et al. | 2000 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | - | 60 Hz | - | 18.5 h/day, 7 days/week, from gestation day 6 - 19 | 磁界, 低周波電磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Di Carlo AL et al. | 2000 | 動物, chicken embryos (eggs), 全身 | - | 55–65 Hz | - | on - off at intervals from 0.1s to 50 s for 20 min | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Di Carlo AL et al. | 2000 | 動物, chicken embryos (eggs), 全身 | - | 60 Hz | - | continuous for 20 min | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Skauli KS et al. | 2000 | 動物, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>), 全身 | - | 50 Hz | - | from 2 h after fertilization until hatching or from 48 h after fertilization until hatching | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Shams Lahijani M et al. | 1999 | 動物, chicken embryos (eggs), 全身 | - | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 24 h | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Desta AB et al. | 1999 | 動物, chicken embryos (eggs), 全身 | - | 60 Hz | - | 15 h, 18 h, 23 h and 28 h | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Ryan BM et al. | 1999 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | - | 60 Hz | - | continuous, 18.5 h per day | 磁界, 低周波電磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Di Carlo AL et al. | 1999 | 動物, chicken embryos (eggs), 全身 | - | 60 Hz | - | 2 min to 2 h | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Michel A et al. | 1999 | 無脊椎動物, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (embryo), 全身 | - | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 30 min | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC), 共ばく露, 発生源は不明 |
Grefner NM et al. | 1998 | 動物, tadpoles of <i>Rana temporaria</i> L., 全身 | - | 50 Hz | - | - | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Formicki K et al. | 1998 | - | - | - | - | continuous for 90 min | 磁界 |
Huuskonen H et al. | 1998 | - | - | 20 kHz | - | continuous from gestation day 0 to 18. | 磁界, PC/TVモニタ, 中間周波 |
DiCarlo AL et al. | 1998 | 動物, chicken embryos (eggs), 全身 | - | 60 Hz | - | continuous for 20 min | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Huuskonen H et al. | 1998 | 動物, マウス/CBA/Ca, 全身 | 胚及び胎児の発達 | 50 Hz | - | continuous, 24 hrs/day from day 0 to day 18 of gestation period. | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC), 中間周波 |
Pagnac C et al. | 1998 | 無脊椎動物, sea urchin (<i>Sphaerechinus granularis</i> and <i>Paracentrotus lividus</i>) (embryo), 全身 | - | 0 Hz | - | up to 150 min | 50/60 Hz (AC), 磁界, 静磁界 |
Dawson BV et al. | 1998 | - | - | 10.8 kHz | - | continuous 20 to 23.5 h/d, for 45 d to 58 d before mating | 磁界, 中間周波 |
Farrell JM et al. | 1998 | 動物, chicken embryos (eggs), 全身 | - | 60 Hz | - | 8, 15, 17, 20, 23, or 26 h | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Farrell JM et al. | 1997 | 動物, chicken embryos (eggs), 全身 | - | 60 Hz | - | 48 hrs | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC), 信号/パルス |
Juutilainen J et al. | 1997 | 動物, マウス/CBA/Ca及びCBA/s, 全身 | 胎児消失/再吸収 | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 8 days, 24 hrs/day | 50/60 Hz (AC), PC/TVモニタ, 中間周波, 磁界 |
Youbicier-Simo BJ et al. | 1997 | 動物, chicken embryos (eggs) and chickens after hatching, 全身 | - | 50–80 Hz | - | continuous for 47 days | 磁界, 低周波電磁界, 中間周波, 50/60 Hz (AC), PC/TVモニタ |
Farrell JM et al. | 1997 | 動物, chicken embryos (eggs), 全身 | - | 60 Hz | - | continuous for 48 h | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Ryan BM et al. | 1996 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | - | 60 Hz | - | both daily intertmittent and continous exposure, 1 hr off 1 hr on, 18.5 hr/days, 7 days/week | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC), 共ばく露 |
Rommereim DN et al. | 1996 | 動物, rat/Sprague Dawley (embryo), 全身 | - | 60 Hz | - | continuous 20h/day, for 20 d | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Pafkova H et al. | 1996 | 動物, chicken embryos (eggs), 全身 | - | 50 Hz | - | - | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC), 共ばく露 |
Veicsteinas A et al. | 1996 | 動物, chicken embryos/White Leghorn (eggs), 全身 | - | 50 Hz | - | - | 50/60 Hz (AC), 磁界 |
Levin M et al. | 1995 | 無脊椎動物, sea urchin (<i>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</i>) (embryo) | - | 0–60 Hz | - | continuous | 磁界, 静磁界, 低周波電磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC), DC |
Terol FF et al. | 1995 | 動物, fertilized eggs of Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>), 全身 | - | 50–100 Hz | - | continuous for 48 hrs | 磁界, 低周波電磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Bessho K et al. | 1995 | 無脊椎動物, <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (nematode; different (transgenic) strains), 全身 | - | 60 Hz | - | 3 min every 6h or 9h, to a total of 9 to 27 min | 50/60 Hz (AC), 磁界 |
Nguyen P et al. | 1995 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, embryonic cells from <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, 無脊椎動物, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (embryo), 全身 | - | 60 Hz | - | 16 to 18 h | 50/60 Hz (AC), 磁界 |
Chiang H et al. | 1995 | - | - | 15.6 kHz | - | 4 h/day from 6th to 17th day of gestation | 磁界, 信号/パルス, 中間周波 |
Svedenstal BM et al. | 1995 | 動物, mouse/CBA/s, 全身 | fetal resorption | 20 kHz | - | continuous for 5 1/2 or 7 days | 磁界, 中間周波 |
Rofsky NM et al. | 1994 | 動物, mouse/CD-1, 全身 | - | - | - | - | MRI, 共ばく露, 非EMF |
Terol FF et al. | 1994 | - | - | 0 Hz–1 kHz | - | - | - |
Sienkiewicz ZJ et al. | 1994 | 動物, mouse/CD-1 (embryo), 全身 | - | 50 Hz | - | - | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Yip YP et al. | 1994 | 動物, chicken/White Leghorn, 全身: <i>in ovo</i> | - | 15–200 Hz | - | continuous for 6 h | MRI |
Pafkova H et al. | 1994 | 動物, chicken embryos (eggs); rat/Wistar (<i>in utero</i>), 全身 | - | 50 Hz | - | repeated daily exposure, 2 h/day upto 8 days (total exposure of 70 hrs) | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Pafkova H et al. | 1994 | 動物, chicken (embryo), 全身 | - | 50 Hz | - | see remark* | 50/60 Hz (AC), therapeutic/medical device |
Litovitz TA et al. | 1994 | - | - | 100 Hz | - | continuous for 48 h | 磁界, 信号/パルス |
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