疫学研究 (observational study)

[変電所および配電所の検査作業者群と対照者群における神経行動学テストに電力線周波数の超低周波電磁界ばく露は影響なし] epidem.

No effects of power line frequency extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure on selected neurobehavior tests of workers inspecting transformers and distribution line stations versus controls

著者: Li L, Xiong DF, Liu JW, Li ZX, Zeng GC, Li HL

掲載誌: Australas Phys Eng Sci Med 2014; 37 (1): 37-44

この研究は、健康状態などの条件により選抜した、変配電設備の巡回検査作業員群（ばく露群：n=310）と同じ職場の物流部門作業員群（対照群：n=300）を対象に、いくつかの神経行動テストおよび質問票調査（人口学的特性、嗜好、医学的検査履歴など）を実施した。また、変配電所の電界および磁界のスポット測定を実施した（電力設備の規格や種類、配置等の条件により､測定区域を500kV区域、220 kV区域に分けた）。神経行動テストは、知能検査（暗算試験）、学習・記憶検査（視覚記銘試験）、認知・記憶検査（聴覚的数唱試験）、精神状態・協調運動検査（視覚反応時間検査､目標追跡検査など）であり、訓練された25人の調査員によりラップトップコンピュータを用いて静かな部屋で行われた。その結果、500kV区域では590箇所の測定点中の71.98%で5 kV/m（中国国内の職業ばく露基準値）を上回り、220 kV区域では701箇所の測定点中の15.69%で上回った；磁界は、全ての測定点で1,000 μT（ICNIRPの職業ばく露限度値）を下回った；神経行動テストのスコアには、両群で有意差がなかった､と報告している。

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研究の目的(著者による)

A study was conducted in China to investigate the association between power line frequency extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure on selected neurobehavioral tests of workers inspecting transformers and distribution line stations.

詳細情報

The participants performed computer-based neurobehavioral tests (e.g., mental arithmetic, visual retention, auditory digit span, simple visual reaction time and pursuit aiming), which mainly assessed memory recognition accuracy, visual discrimination, short-term memory and cognitive performance.

影響評価項目／リスク推定のタイプ

neurobehavior: memory recognition accuracy, visual discrimination, short-term memory, cognitive performance

リスク推定のタイプ:

有病率

ばく露

- 50/60 Hz (AC)
- 磁界
- 送電線
- 変電所
- 職業的

ばく露評価

測定: spot measurements of electric field intensity and magnetic flux density outdoor in the 500 kV and 220 kV areas of voltage transformers and distribution power lines respectively located in the routes where workers regularly perform tour-inspections

ばく露集団

グループ	説明
参照集団 1	administrative staff and logistical personnel who were not authorized to enter the 500 kV and 220 kV zone
集団 2	workers who performed tour-inspection close to voltage transformers and distribution power lines

調査対象集団

グループ:
- 男性
- 女性
年齢: 23–50年
観察期間: not stated
調査地域: China
排除クライテリア: subjects with CNS diseases like epilepsy, cerebritis, severe brain trauma history, visual and auditory disturbance, upper limb dyskinesia

調査規模

タイプ	値
合計	710
評価可能	610

統計学的分析方法:

ANOVA

結論(著者による)

In 500 kV areas, electric field intensity at 72.0% of total measured 590 spots was above 5 kV/m (national occupational standard), while in 220 kV areas electric field intensity at 15.7% of total 701 spots was above 5 kV/m. Magnetic field flux density at all the spots was below 1,000 µT (ICNIRP occupational standard).
The neurobehavioral score changes showed no statistical significance between unexposed workers (group 1) and exposed workers (group 2). No significant changes in neurobehavioral tests were found among different age and seniority groups.
The authors concluded that in the present study no neurobehavioral changes were observed among workers with daily repeated exposure to extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields.

研究助成

Guangdong Power Grid Corporation, Guangzhou, China