この実験研究は、出芽酵母Saccharomyces cerevisiaeを用いて、超低周波磁界(ELF-MF)および無線周波電磁界(RF-EMF)に反応する遺伝子を同定することを目的とし、酵母細胞にELF-MF(0.4 mT、50 Hz 磁界)またはRF-EMF(1800MHz、SAR=4.7 W/kg)に6時間のばく露を与えた後、マイクロアレイスクリーニングにより遺伝子発現を分析し、RT-PCR法により影響の現れた遺伝子を確認した。その結果、酵母細胞においては50 Hz ELF-MFに反応して遺伝子発現が変化することはなく、RF-EMFに対する反応はごく少数の遺伝子に限って見られたが、この変化によるその後の影響の可能性についてはさらの研究が待たれると結論している。
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To study the effects of 50 Hz sinusoidal extremely low frequency magnetic field and GSM 1800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure on gene expression in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and to identify and compare the EMF-responsive genes of these two frequencies.
Heat shock treatment served as positive control.
周波数 | 50 Hz |
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タイプ |
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波形 |
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ばく露時間 | continuous for 6 h |
ばく露の発生源/構造 | |
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ばく露装置の詳細 | three groups of 36 cm x 36 cm square copper coils placed inside a CO2 incubator; upper, middle and lower coils connected in series and spaced 8 cm apart; coil system placed inside an iron container with ventilation holes; magnetic field uniform in a 10 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm area in the center of the coil system, where the 100 mm Petri dishes were placed |
Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
測定量 | 値 | 種別 | Method | Mass | 備考 |
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磁束密度 | 0.4 mT | - | 測定値 | - | - |
周波数 | 1,800 MHz |
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タイプ |
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ばく露時間 | intermittent, 5 min "on" - 10 min "off" for 6 h |
Modulation type | pulsed |
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Duty cycle | 12.5 % |
Repetition frequency | 217 Hz |
Additional information |
simulating GSM |
ばく露の発生源/構造 | |
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ばく露装置の詳細 | waveguide placed inside a cell culture incubator; six 35 mm Petri dishes placed inside the waveguide at the H-field maximum of the standing wave |
Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
測定量 | 値 | 種別 | Method | Mass | 備考 |
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SAR | 4.7 W/kg | average over time | 計算値 | - | in the lowest 8 µm of the Petri dish bottom |
Microarray-detected expression changes in three of the extremely low frequency magnetic field responsive candidate genes could not be confirmed using RT-PCR. On the other hand, out of the 40 potential radiofrequency electromagnetic field-responsive genes, only the expressions of two genes were confirmed by RT-PCR (structural maintenance of chromosomes 3 (SMC3) and aquaporin 2), while three other genes showed opposite changes in expression (downregulation) compared to the microarray data (upregulation).
In conclusion, the findings suggest that the yeast cells did not alter gene expression in response to the 50 Hz extremely low frequency magnetic field and that the response to the radiofrequency electromagnetic field is limited to only a very small number of genes. Further studies are needed to address whether the observed changes in gene expression might have any impact on Saccharomyces cerevisiae physiology.
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