Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ravaioli F et al. | 2023 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | - | 900 MHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, GSM, RF電磁界 |
Patrignoni L et al. | 2024 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | - | 3.5 GHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, 5G, 非EMF, 共ばく露 |
Cammaerts MC et al. | 2011 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, <i>Paramecium caudatum</i> | swimming behaviour of <i>Paramecium caudatum</i>, different morphological and physiological parameters | 900 MHz | - | continuous for at least 2 min, at least for four times | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Hirose H et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, BALB/3T3 cells (clone A31-1-1) | malignant/neoplastic cell transformation | 2.1425 GHz | 80–800 mW/kg | continuous for 6 weeks | 携帯電話基地局, CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Roti Roti JL et al. | 2001 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, C3H 10T1/2 cells (derived from mouse embryo fibroblasts) | neoplastic transformation | 835.62 MHz | 0.6 W/kg | continuous for 7 or 42 days | 移動体通信システム, CDMA, FDMA |
Kang KA et al. | 2014 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, NIH3T3 cells (mouse fibroblasts), U87 (human glioma cells), PC12 (rat pheochromocytoma cells), SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cells) | cell viability, oxidative stress | 837–1,950 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours | 携帯電話, CDMA, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Yoon SY et al. | 2011 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human scalp hair follicle preparations (of three individuals), human dermal papilla cells (hDPC), NIH3T3 cells (mouse fibroblasts), C2C12 cells (undifferentiated myoblasts and differentiated myotubes), HeLa cell line (human adenocarcinoma cell line), OSE-80PC | hair growth <i>in vitro</i> and <i>ex vivo</i> | 1,763 MHz | 2–10 W/kg | continuous for 1 h or 3 h | CDMA, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界 |
Alahmad YM et al. | 2018 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, 動物 | - | 1,800 MHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話 |
Kowalczuk C et al. | 2010 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, 組織片, cell suspensions, IMR 32 (human neuroblastoma cells), G361 (human melanoma cells), HF-19 (human fibroblasts), N2a (murine neuroblastoma cells; differentiated and non-differentiated); CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells | demodulation ability of living cells and tissues (second harmonic generation) | 880–890 MHz | 2.5–10.6 mW/g | < 10 minutes (typically, a second harmonic test took around 2-3 min.) | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, CW 連続波 |
Molina-Montenegro MA et al. | 2023 | 無脊椎動物 | - | - | - | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話基地局, 送電線, 磁界 |
Sudaryadi I et al. | 2020 | 無脊椎動物, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> | - | - | - | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, 4G |
Lee KS et al. | 2008 | 無脊椎動物, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>/<i>Oregon-R</i>, wild type, <i>Actin5C-Gal4</i>, <i>UAS-SOD1IR</i>, and <i>UAS-SOD2IR</i>, 全身 | survival rate of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> | 835 MHz | 1.6–4 W/kg | continuous for 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 h | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話 |
Weisbrot D et al. | 2003 | 無脊椎動物, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>/Oregon-R, 全身 | different biological effects on <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> | 1,900 MHz | 1.4 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 2 times 60 min with a 4-h interval, for 10 days | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Sarapultseva EI et al. | 2009 | 無脊椎動物, <i>Spirostomum ambiguum</i> | spontaneous motor activity of a protozoa | 1 GHz | - | continuous for 15 min, 30 min, 45 min, 1h, 2 hr, 3 hr, 4 hr, 6 hr, 8 hr, 10 hr | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, 低レベルマイクロ波, ラジオ/TV送信機 |
Sarapultseva EI et al. | 2011 | 無脊椎動物, <i>Spirostomum ambiguum</i> | - | 1 GHz | - | continuous for 1 min up to 11 h | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話 |
Favre D | 2011 | 無脊椎動物, honeybee (<i>Apis mellifera carnica</i>) | honeybee behavior | 900 MHz | 0.271–0.98 W/kg | continuous for 45 min - 20 h | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Sharma VP et al. | 2010 | 無脊椎動物, honeybee (<i>Apis mellifera</i> L.) | honeybee behaviour | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 15 min. twice per day, twice per week from February to April ( 1100 hr and 1500 hr in total) | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Kumar NR et al. | 2011 | 無脊椎動物, honeybee (<i>Apis mellifera</i> L.) | metabolism of honey bees | - | - | continuous for 10, 20 or 40 min | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Nittby H et al. | 2012 | 無脊椎動物, large garden snail (<i>Helix pomatia</i>) | pain (nociception) | 1,900 MHz | 48 mW/kg | continuous for 1 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, therapeutic/medical device |
Fasseas MK et al. | 2015 | 無脊椎動物, nematode (<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>)/N2 (wild type), DR1572, DR26, TK22, CL4176, NL5901, RB864, CL2070 (<i>hsp-16.2</i>), CF1553 (<i>sod-3</i>), SJ4005 (<i>hsp-4</i>), LG333 (<i>skn-1</i>), LD1171 (<i>gcs-1</i>) and CL2166 (<i>gst-4</i>) | effects on fertility, neurodegeneration, short-term memory, chemotaxis, stress, apoptosis, life span and growth of <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> | 1,780–1,800 MHz | - | continuous for 0.5, 1, 3, 6 or 24 h | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波, DECT, W-LAN/WiFi |
Movahedi MM et al. | 2019 | 細菌 | - | 900 MHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話 |
Karatas SM et al. | 2021 | 細菌 | - | 1,800 MHz | - | - | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Sharma AB et al. | 2018 | 細菌, <i>Chryseobacterium Gleum, Staphylococcus spec., Pseudomonas spec., Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Kocuria Rosea, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cleacae</i> | - | - | - | - | 携帯電話基地局, 移動体通信システム |
Adebayo EA et al. | 2014 | 細菌, Bacillus, Clostridium, Corynebacterium and Sporosarcina | - | - | - | - | 携帯電話基地局, 移動体通信システム, TV 放送 (VHF/UHF), ラジオ/TV送信機, RF電磁界 |
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