研究のタイプ: 医学／生物学の研究 (experimental study)

[睡眠ポリグラフに基づく睡眠の質に対する携帯電話ばく露（GSM 900およびWCDMA / UMTS）の影響：個人内および個人間での見方] med./bio.

Effects of mobile phone exposure (GSM 900 and WCDMA/UMTS) on polysomnography based sleep quality: An intra- and inter-individual perspective

著者: Danker-Hopfe H, Dorn H, Bolz T, Peter A, Hansen ML, Eggert T, Sauter C
掲載誌: Environ Res 2016; 145: 50-60
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この研究は、GSM900およびWCDMA/UMTSデバイスから発せられる無線周波（RF）電磁界ばく露によって生じるかも知れない睡眠への影響に個人差があるかどうかを、二重盲検・無作為化・偽ばく露対照・クロスオーバーデザインで調べた。健康な若年男性（18-30歳）30人について、睡眠を記録中に、各ばく露条件につき3回ばく露した。米国睡眠医学会の標準および基礎的な8つの睡眠変数に従い、睡眠を評価した。データ分析の結果、個人レベルでは90%でRF電磁界の影響が示され、少なくとも4人の被験者では全ての変数が影響された；睡眠の変数の改善と悪化の両方が見られた；唯一の一貫した知見は、GSM900（30人中9人）ならびにWCDMA/UMTS（30人中10人）ばく露下でのステージRの睡眠の増加であった。著者らは、この結果はRFばく露が睡眠に及ぼす影響には個人差があることを示している、と結論付けている。また、この結果はヒトのREM睡眠に対するRF電磁界の熱的メカニズムを示しているかも知れない、としている。但し、三分の一の被験者にステージRの睡眠の増加への影響が見られたことは、睡眠のかく乱を必ずしも示すものではない、としている。

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研究目的（著者による）

The effects of nocturnal exposure of subjects to a GSM (900 MHz) or a WCDMA/UMTS (2 GHz) electromagnetic field on the sleep structure should be investigated.

詳細情報

30 healthy young men (18-30 years) participated in the study. Each subject was studied for a total of 10 nights, which were scheduled at an interval of approximately one night every two weeks. The first night served for adaptation and screening purposes, the remaining 9 nights were recorded. During these 9 nights, subjects were either exposed to GSM, WCDMA/UMTS or sham exposure for three nights each, following a randomized design.

影響評価項目

ばく露

ばく露 パラメータ
ばく露1: 900 MHz
Modulation type: pulsed
ばく露時間: continuous during the whole night (recording for 8 h) for a total of 3 nights
GSM
  • SAR: 2 W/kg maximum (10 g)
ばく露2: 1,966 MHz
ばく露時間: continuous during the whole night (recording for 8 h) for a total of 3 nights
WCDMA/UMTS
  • SAR: 2 W/kg maximum (10 g)

ばく露1

主たる特性
周波数 900 MHz
タイプ
  • electromagnetic field
ばく露時間 continuous during the whole night (recording for 8 h) for a total of 3 nights
Additional information GSM
Modulation
Modulation type pulsed
Duty cycle 12.5 %
Repetition frequency 217 Hz
ばく露装置
ばく露の発生源／構造
  • head-worn antenna
チャンバの詳細 shielded room
ばく露装置の詳細 a head-worn antenna with textile cushion fed by a thin RF coaxial cable was used and attached to the right side of the head during sleep; only RF immune devices were used in the exposure room, other equipment like clocks, portable players and phones were not allowed
Sham exposure A sham exposure was conducted.
パラメータ
測定量 値 種別 Method Mass 備考
SAR 2 W/kg maximum 測定値および計算値 10 g -
Additional parameter details

RF electric field strengths in the study room were below 0.2 V/m; low frequency electric and magnetic field strengths were 1.0 V/m and 50...70 nT at 50 Hz (utility grid), and 0.6 V/m and 22 mT for other frequencies, respectively; SAR measurements and calculations agreed within 3%; calculated SAR values for the SAM and the Visible Human head model agreed within 20%; consequences of slight variations of the antenna position were calculated as less than 2%

測定および計算の詳細

the SAR measurements were performed using a Specific Anthropomorphic Mannequin (SAM) head phantom, calculations in the SAM model and visible human head were done using Finite Difference Time Domain simulations; the antenna achieved similar SAR distributions as published for mobile phones with integrated antennas

ばく露2

主たる特性
周波数 1,966 MHz
タイプ
  • electromagnetic field
ばく露時間 continuous during the whole night (recording for 8 h) for a total of 3 nights
Additional information WCDMA/UMTS
Modulation
Modulation type cf. additional information
Additional information

1966 MHz carrier frequency with Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) modulation and a power control emulation sequence repeated every minute; the sequence comprised 45 s of toggling between 50% and 100% maximum output power for 0.67 ms each and 15 s of simulated fading over a dynamic range of 30 dB
ばく露装置
ばく露の発生源／構造
  • E1と同じ装置
パラメータ
測定量 値 種別 Method Mass 備考
SAR 2 W/kg maximum 測定値および計算値 10 g -
Additional parameter details

SAR measurements and calculations agreed within 22%; calculated SAR values for the SAM and the Visible Human head model agreed within 20%; consequences of slight variations of the antenna position were calculated: a deviation of the rotating angle of 15° lead to a SAR change of less than 17%, a 2 mm increase of antenna distance from the head surface resulted in a SAR change of 9%

Reference articles

ばく露を受けた生物:

方法 影響評価項目／測定パラメータ／方法

研究対象とした生物試料:
研究対象とした臓器系:
調査の時期:
  • ばく露中

研究の主なアウトカム（著者による）

In 90% of the subjects, one or more sleep parameters were significantly different during exposure to GSM or WCDMA/UMTS fields compared to the sham exposure condition. However, effects showed no consistence between individuals except for an increased REM sleep duration (9 subjects during GSM exposure, 10 subjects during WCDMA/UMTS exposure).
The authors conclude that exposure of subjects to a GSM (900 MHz) or a WCDMA/UMTS (2 GHz) electromagnetic field might induce individual changes in the sleep structure and a general prolongation of the REM sleep phase. These changes do not necessarily indicate a disturbance of sleep.

研究の種別:

研究助成

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