研究のタイプ: 医学／生物学の研究 (experimental study)

[ヒトの睡眠EEGに対するパルス化RF EMFばく露の影響の個人内および個人間変動] med./bio.

Inter-individual and intra-individual variation of the effects of pulsed RF EMF exposure on the human sleep EEG

著者: Lustenberger C, Murbach M, Tushaus L, Wehrle F, Kuster N, Achermann P, Huber R
掲載誌: Bioelectromagnetics 2015; 36 (3): 169-177
RISフォーマットで参考文献をダウンロード

この研究は、若い男性被験者（n=20）に就寝前に30分間、パルス化900MHzのRF EMF（2Hzパルス変調、10g平均SARの空間ピーク値2 W/kg）のばく露を与え、その後、終夜の脳電図（EEG）測定を行った。各被験者は同じ実験を2週間の間隔で2回行った。終夜のノンレム睡眠時のEEGのパワースペクトルのトポグラフィー分析を行った。その結果、ばく露に関連したデルタ・シータ波帯での増加が前頭-中心部で見られたが、紡錘波帯では変化がなかった､と報告した。前回の研究では、個人差が大きいものの、個人によってはデルタ・シータ波帯および紡錘波帯の活動性に影響が見られたので、この影響の個人内変動を見るのが今回の目的であった。しかし今回は影響そのものが確認されなかった､と述べている。

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研究目的（著者による）

The effects of exposure of young meninges to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field prior to sleep on the brain activity during sleep should be investigated.

詳細情報

The study aimed to investigate inter-individual variation and intra-individual stability of the effects of pulsed radiofrequency exposure on human sleep EEG, as former studies revealed striking inter-individual differences and intra-individual stability (i.e. reproducibility of effects in the same subject) has not been well studied so far.
A total of 20 healthy male subjects participated in 4 night-sessions with a 1-week interval (one night per week on the same weekday). In 2 of those nights, subjects were exposed to the electromagnetic field prior to their scheduled bedtime, in the 2 other nights, subjects were sham-exposed. In a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study design, subjects had one of the 2 exposure orders: sham-exposure/exposure/sham-exposure/exposure or exposure/sham-exposure/exposure/sham-exposure. After real or sham exposure, an EEG cap was applied to the subjects resulting in a 30 min time window between end of exposure and start of sleep recording (lights out).
One subject was excluded from analysis due to poor sleep and EEG signal quality , so a total of 19 subjects were evaluated.

影響評価項目

ばく露

ばく露 パラメータ
ばく露1: 900 MHz
Modulation type: pulsed
ばく露時間: continuous for 30 minutes (in each of 2 sessions)
  • SAR: 2 W/kg spatial average (10 g) (peak value for whole head)
  • SAR: 2.12 W/kg spatial average (1 g) (peak value for lateral cortex, ± 12% standard deviation)
  • SAR: 0.62 W/kg (for thalamus, ± 35% standard deviation)
  • 電力: 4 W (forward power to the antenna, ± 6% standard deviation)

ばく露1

主たる特性
周波数 900 MHz
タイプ
  • electromagnetic field
ばく露時間 continuous for 30 minutes (in each of 2 sessions)
Modulation
Modulation type pulsed
Repetition frequency 2 Hz
Additional information

peak-to-average ratio of 4; higher harmonics were reduced by applying a 20 Hz Gaussian low-pass filter to a rectangular pulse sequence
ばく露装置
ばく露の発生源／構造
  • patch antenna
Distance between exposed object and exposure source 110 mm
ばく露装置の詳細 a lateral patch antenna in a plastic box-casing was used to expose left head hemisphere; an identical box-casing was installed on the right side to prevent knowledge about the exposure; exposure system was fully computer controlled
Sham exposure A sham exposure was conducted.
パラメータ
測定量 値 種別 Method Mass 備考
SAR 2 W/kg spatial average 推定値 10 g peak value for whole head
SAR 2.12 W/kg spatial average 推定値 1 g peak value for lateral cortex, ± 12% standard deviation
SAR 0.62 W/kg - 推定値 - for thalamus, ± 35% standard deviation
電力 4 W - - - forward power to the antenna, ± 6% standard deviation
測定および計算の詳細

SAR efficiency was numerically estimated with anatomical human head models from the Virtual Population, using the simulation platform SEMCAD X; validation measurements were performed with dosimetric SAR probes in the specific anthropomorphic mannequin (SAM) with a near-field scanner; the uncertainty for the peak spatial average SAR 10g assessment stayed below 8% standard deviation corresponding to the obtained 10.4% deviation between simulation and measurement of the SAM head; variability of the peak spatial average SAR 10g remained below 15% standard deviation

Reference articles

  • Murbach M et al. (2014): [ヒト無線周波ばく露研究における脳電図電極アーティファクトおよび熱リプルのモデリング]
  • Schmid MR et al. (2012): [睡眠時脳電図の変化：パルス磁界とパルス変調無線周波電磁界の影響]
  • Murbach M et al. (2012): [携帯電話のELF及びRF電磁界と中枢神経系との相互作用の仮説を研究するためのばく露システム]
  • Christ A et al. (2010): [携帯電話使用時の生体組織別ばく露の年齢による相違]

ばく露を受けた生物:

方法 影響評価項目／測定パラメータ／方法

研究対象とした生物試料:
研究対象とした臓器系:
調査の時期:
  • ばく露後

研究の主なアウトカム（著者による）

The delta wave-theta wave activity during non-REM sleep was significantly increased in several fronto-central brain regions after exposure compared to sham exposure sessions. However, this effect was not reproducible in the same subjects. All other parameters did not show significant differences between exposure and sham exposure conditions at all and no inter-individual or intra-individual correlations.
The authors conclude that no reproducible effects of exposure of young males to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field prior to sleep on the brain activity during sleep were observed.

研究の種別:

研究助成

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