この研究は、無線周波（RF）放射にばく露した胚細胞における、発光ダイオード（LED）の単色赤色光の抗酸化能を調べた。ニホンウズラの胚の第1グループを卵内で、インキュベーションの最初の1時間の前および最中に、GSM900MHzのRF放射（電力密度14µW/cm2、SAR0.17mW/kg、158時間、不連続）ばく露した。第2のグループを、同じRF放射に加えて、赤色LED（λmax=630-650nm、電力密度0.1mW/cm2、180秒間、不連続）にばく露した。第3のグループを対照群とした。38時間目の胚の組織中の体節形成率、脂質過酸化のレベル、スーパーオキシドジスムターゼおよびカタラーゼの活性を評価した。その結果、赤色LEDばく露は、RFばく露下で低下した体節形成率を統計的に有意に回復させた；また、RFばく露した胚の組織における有意に高い脂質過酸化のレベル、低下したカタラーゼ活性も回復させた。短期的なRFばく露によるイン・ビトロでのSODおよびカタラーゼの活性の有意な抑制は、赤色LED処理によって部分的に回復した。著者らは、赤色LEDは低強度のRFばく露による酸化ストレスから胚細胞を防護し得る、と結論付けている。
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The effects of exposure of Japanese quail embryos to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field (GSM) on oxidative stress and the protective effect of monochromatic red LED light should be investigated.
The study was composed of two parts. In the first part, embryos in ovo (i.e. in the egg) at the stage of gastrula were divided into 3 groups (n=8-10 each): 1) exposure to the electromagnetic field, 2) co-exposure to the electromagnetic field and monochromatic red LED light, 3) a sham-exposed control group.
In the second part, a bovine erythrocyte solution and a homogenate of native 38-h quail embryo tissues were also either exposed to the electromagnetic field, co-exposed to the electromagnetic field and monochromatic red LED light or non-exposed as control groups in in vitro experiments.
| 周波数 | 900 MHz |
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| ばく露時間 | intermittent (48 s (c?) on/12 s off) for 158 hours |
| Additional information | in ovo exposure |
| Modulation type | cf. additional information |
|---|---|
| Additional information |
GSM cell phone |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|---|
| Distance between exposed object and exposure source | 3 cm |
| チャンバの詳細 | eggs in plastic setup, later placed in incubator |
| ばく露装置の詳細 | a combination of a commercial 3G USB-modem (Huawei E173) and a commercial GSM 900 cellular phone (Nokia 3120) was used; the system was activated by a computer program; the modem was placed 3 cm over the eggs surface and the cell phone was placed 3 cm under the plastic setup for eggs; embryos were exposed for 120 h before the incubation at room temperature, afterwards the exposure was continued inside the incubator during the first 38 h of incubation |
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| Additional information | the co-exposure group was additionally exposed to red light from 20 single LED L7113PDC/H (λmax=630-650 nm); intermittent exposure was carried out for 180 s in total (60 s (c?) each time on the 2nd, 8th and 24th hour of each day during incubation) in the dark; the intensity of red light on the hatching egg surface was 0.1 mW/cm2; this LED exposure has been shown to be effective for stimulation of quail embryogenesis in an earlier study by the authors |
In the in ovo tests, the formation of somites was significantly decreased in exposed embryos (group 1) compared to the control group (group 3). Co-exposure to red light and the electromagnetic field (group 2) did not show any differences compared to the control group. No malformations were detected in any group.
Lipid peroxidation was significantly increased and the catalase enzyme activity was significantly decreased in the exposure group compared to the control group. In the co-exposure group, lipid peroxidation was significantly decreased and the catalase enzyme activity was significantly increased compared to the exposure group.
In the in vitro experiments, the enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly decreased in exposed preparations compared to the control groups. In co-exposed preparations, both enzyme activities were significantly increased compared to the exposed preparations.
The authors conclude that exposure of Japanese quail embryos to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field (GSM) could induce oxidative stress. However, co-exposure to monochromatic red LED light might protect against this effect.
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