この研究は、ノルウェーの10年間の母子コホート調査（1999-2009年）の一環として実施された、出生前の携帯電話ばく露（妊婦の携帯電話使用）と妊娠アウトカムとの関連を調べた前向き調査である。この母子コホート調査は妊娠15週のルーチン検査である超音波検査の前にそれぞれの妊婦に参加を依頼し、その時点と妊娠30週に質問票調査を行った。一部の調査期間（2001-2009年）では、父親予定者にも妊娠15週の時点で質問票調査を実施した。質問票には携帯電話使用に関する質問が含まれた。回答率は38.7%、コホートには100730人の単生児が組み入れられた。妊娠アウトカムに関する情報はノルウェー医学出生登録から得た。その結果、妊婦の携帯電話使用の高度群および中度群では、低度群に比べ、子癇前症のリスクが若干低かった；携帯電話使用時において精巣へのばく露があった父親群では、頭部および精巣へのばく露無しの父親群に比べ、胎児の周産期死亡リスクのボーダーライン程度の小さな上昇、パートナーの妊娠中の子癇前症リスクの若干の低下が見られた；その他の妊娠アウトカムは携帯電話使用に関連しなかった､と報告している。
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A prospective cohort study was conducted in Norway to investigate the association between pregnancy outcome and parental mobile phone exposure.
Maternal mobile phone exposure was classified into low, medium and high by combining mobile phone use and call duration. Low exposure was defined as seldom/never use regardless of call duration or few times per week and no call longer than 15 minutes. Medium exposure comprises mobile phone use for a few times per week and call duration often longer than 15 minutes as well as daily mobile phone use and calling time seldom longer than 15 minutes. High exposure was defined as daily mobile phone use and calling duration often longer than 15 minutes as well as mobile phone use more than 1 hour/day regardless call duration.
Two different versions of questionnaires were used for fathers. Both assessed mobile phone use, the later one additionally included questions on mobile phone habits. Paternal mobile phone use was classified in the same way as maternal use. Additionally, exposure of body parts were categorized into following groups: no exposure of head or testis (no use of mobile phone or less than 1 minute/day or use of hands-free device or 'other places on the body' or 'away from the body' when talking on the phone); head exposure (mobile phone use more than 1 minute/day and use of hands-free device seldom or never); testis exposure (mobile phone use more than 1 minute/day and use of hands-free device normally or during long calls and had the mobile phone in front either in the trouser pocket or on the belt).
| グループ | 説明 |
|---|---|
| 参照集団 1 | maternal exposure: low |
| 集団 2 | maternal exposure: medium |
| 集団 3 | maternal exposure: high |
| 参照集団 4 | paternal exposure: low |
| 集団 5 | paternal exposure: medium |
| 集団 6 | paternal exposure: high |
| 参照集団 7 | paternal mobile phone use habits: no exposure of head or testis |
| 集団 8 | paternal mobile phone use habits: head exposure |
| 集団 9 | paternal mobile phone use habits: testis exposure |
| タイプ | 値 |
|---|---|
| 参加率 | 39 % |
| 評価可能 | 100,730 |
Overall, 100,230 mothers and 74,908 fathers filled in the questionnaires on mobile phone use.
The risk of preeclampsia was slightly lower among women with medium and high mobile phone exposure compared with low exposure. Fathers with testis exposure when using mobile phones had a borderline increased risk of perinatal mortality among offspring and a slightly decreased risk of partner developing preeclampsia during pregnancy compared with no mobile phone exposure of head or testis. None of the other pregnancy outcomes was associated with mobile phone exposure.
The authors concluded that no association between maternal prenatal or paternal pre-conceptional mobile phone exposure and any of the studied pregnancy outcomes was found. The only risk estimate suggesting a potential increased risk was not consistent with other findings.
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