この研究は、GSM900およびWCDMAの送受話器信号に類似した信号への長時間(7時間15分)ばく露が注意力と作業記憶に影響するか否かをボランティア実験した。30名の健康な男性被験者(25.3±2.6歳)各人に9日の実験(2週間間隔:それぞれの実験日に、無作為にカウンターバランスして、3種類のばく露条件(擬似、GSM900、WCDMA)が3回ずつ割り当てられた)をブラインド化して行った。各実験日には時間表通りに、朝10:45から夕6:00まで特製の軽量ヘッドセットからばく露が続けられた状態で、同じ試行実験を2回(朝と午後)繰り返した。単変量比較の結果、GSM 900ばく露では、覚醒度テストのみが擬似ばく露に比べ有意に変化した;WCDMAばく露では、覚醒度テストの1つのパラメータと注意配分性テストの1つのパラメータが擬似ばく露に比べ変化した;選択的注意テストとn-バックタスクの成績は、GSM 900またはWCDMAとも影響しなかった;テストの時間帯の影響は、注意配分性・選択的注意・作業記憶のテストに見られた;多重比較の補正後も2つの検査で時間帯の影響が有意であり、午後のテストの方が反応が速かった、などを報告している。
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To study possible effects of long-term electromagnetic field exposure to mobile phone handset-like signals (GSM and W-CDMA) on attention and working memory in 30 healthy male subjects (18-30 years old).
The subjects were tested on nine study days (separated by two week intervals) in which they were exposed to three exposure conditions (sham exposure, GSM and W-CDMA) in a randomly assigned and balanced order. All tests were presented twice (morning and afternoon) on each study day within a fixed timeframe.
ばく露 | パラメータ |
---|---|
ばく露1:
900 MHz
ばく露時間:
3 days (à 7 h 15 minutes), separated by at least two week intervals
|
|
ばく露2:
1,966 MHz
ばく露時間:
3 days (à 7 h 15 minutes), separated by 2-week intervals and not necessarily consecutive
WCDMA/3G UMTS
|
9 study days (separated by 2-week intervals) with randomly assigned continuous exposure (sham exposure, GSM 900 and WCDMA/3G UMTS, 3 days each, not necessarily consecutive)
周波数 | 900 MHz |
---|---|
タイプ |
|
ばく露時間 | 3 days (à 7 h 15 minutes), separated by at least two week intervals |
Additional information | GSM |
ばく露の発生源/構造 |
|
---|---|
チャンバの詳細 | examination room with low background fields |
Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
Additional information | antenna connected to a thin microwave RF coaxial cable; antenna designed like in cell phones |
Univariate comparison (t-test or Wilcoxon test) revealed significant changes when subjects were exposed to GSM exposure (higher number of correct reactions and shorter reaction time in the morning trial) compared to sham exposure, only in the vigilance test. In the W-CDMA exposure condition, one parameter in the vigilance (higher number of correct reactions) and one in the test on divided attention (slower reaction time in the morning session) were altered compared to sham exposure. Performance in the selective attention test and the n-back task was not affected by GSM or W-CDMA exposure. Time-of-day effects were evident for the tests on divided and selective attention, as well as for working memory.
After correction for multiple testing (Bonferroni inequality), only time-of-day effects remained significant in two tests, resulting in faster reactions in the afternoon trials.
The authors conclude, that the data do not provide any evidence of an electromagnetic field effect on human cognition, but they underline the necessity to control the paramter time-of-day.
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