Animals were housed in groups of six to seven in polycarbonate cages (W 40 x L 25 x H 7 cm) with no metal parts. They were RF or sham exposed in the same room as the cage controls in two identical radial waveguides. The waveguides were 4 m in diameter with a vertical plate distance of 8 cm in the region of the cages and below 6 cm toward the center to produce a well-defined field distribution. RF-absorbers were installed at the outer boundaries of the units to reduce reflections and standing waves.
Setup
Twenty-four cages per unit were placed at an equal distance from the center and covered with trapezoidal lids (three cages per opening) with wire mesh. The signal was connected to the cone antenna of one unit via a black box (blind design).
Animals were exposed 24 h per day with the exception of the time during which they were weighed and palpated and while the cages were cleaned. The waveguides were slightly overmoded with H = 0.525 λ. To prevent additional modes caused by field scattering by the mice, metal rip structures with a height and width of 2 cm were attached to the upper and lower plate between adjacent cages.
Sommer AM et al.
(2004):
No effects of GSM-modulated 900 MHz electromagnetic fields on survival rate and spontaneous development of lymphoma in female AKR/J mice
Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz (BfS; Federal Office for Radiation Protection), Salzgitter, Germany
Deutsches Mobilfunk Forschungsprogramm (DMF; German Mobile Phone Research Programme) at Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS)
Related articles
Lerchl A et al.
(2015):
Tumor promotion by exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields below exposure limits for humans
Zeni O et al.
(2012):
Radiofrequency radiation at 1950 MHz (UMTS) does not affect key cellular endpoints in neuron-like PC12 cells
Lee HJ et al.
(2011):
Lymphoma development of simultaneously combined exposure to two radiofrequency signals in AKR/J mice
Paulraj R et al.
(2011):
Effects of low level microwave radiation on carcinogenesis in Swiss Albino mice
Bartsch H et al.
(2010):
Effect of chronic exposure to a GSM-like signal (mobile phone) on survival of female Sprague-Dawley rats: Modulatory effects by month of birth and possibly stage of the solar cycle
Tillmann T et al.
(2010):
Indication of cocarcinogenic potential of chronic UMTS-modulated radiofrequency exposure in an ethylnitrosourea mouse model
Sommer AM et al.
(2009):
Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (UMTS) on reproduction and development of mice: a multi-generation study
Lerchl A et al.
(2008):
Effects of mobile phone electromagnetic fields at nonthermal SAR values on melatonin and body weight of Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus)
Saran A et al.
(2007):
Effects of exposure of newborn patched1 heterozygous mice to GSM, 900 MHz
Smith P et al.
(2007):
GSM and DCS Wireless Communication Signals: Combined Chronic Toxicity/Carcinogenicity Study in the Wistar Rat
Oberto G et al.
(2007):
Carcinogenicity Study of 217 Hz Pulsed 900 MHz Electromagnetic Fields in Pim1 Transgenic Mice
Shirai T et al.
(2007):
Lack of promoting effects of chronic exposure to 1.95-GHz W-CDMA signals for IMT-2000 cellular system on development of N-ethylnitrosourea-induced central nervous system tumors in F344 rats
Tillmann T et al.
(2007):
Carcinogenicity study of GSM and DCS wireless communication signals in B6C3F1 mice
Sommer AM et al.
(2006):
50 Hz magnetic fields of 1 mT do not promote lymphoma development in AKR/J mice
Huang TQ et al.
(2005):
Effect of radiofrequency radiation exposure on mouse skin tumorigenesis initiated by 7,12-dimethybenz[alpha]anthracene
Shirai T et al.
(2005):
Chronic exposure to a 1.439 GHz electromagnetic field used for cellular phones does not promote N-ethylnitrosourea induced central nervous system tumors in F344 rats
Sommer AM et al.
(2004):
No effects of GSM-modulated 900 MHz electromagnetic fields on survival rate and spontaneous development of lymphoma in female AKR/J mice
Sommer AM et al.
(2004):
The risk of lymphoma in AKR/J mice does not rise with chronic exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields (1 microT and 100 microT)
LaRegina MC et al.
(2003):
The Effect of Chronic Exposure to 835.62 MHz FDMA or 847.74 MHz CDMA Radiofrequency Radiation on the Incidence of Spontaneous Tumors in Rats
Heikkinen P et al.
(2003):
Effects of mobile phone radiation on UV-induced skin tumourigenesis in ornithine decarboxylase transgenic and non-transgenic mice
Bartsch H et al.
(2002):
Chronic exposure to a GSM-like signal (mobile phone) does not stimulate the development of DMBA-induced mammary tumors in rats: results of three consecutive studies
Imaida K et al.
(2001):
Lack of promotion of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-initiated mouse skin carcinogenesis by 1.5 GHz electromagnetic near fields
Zook BC et al.
(2001):
The effects of 860 MHz radiofrequency radiation on the induction or promotion of brain tumors and other neoplasms in rats
Adey WR et al.
(2000):
Spontaneous and nitrosourea-induced primary tumors of the central nervous system in Fischer 344 rats exposed to frequency-modulated microwave fields
Adey WR et al.
(1999):
Spontaneous and nitrosourea-induced primary tumors of the central nervous system in Fischer 344 rats chronically exposed to 836 MHz modulated microwaves
Higashikubo R et al.
(1999):
Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields have no effect on the in vivo proliferation of the 9L brain tumor
Imaida K et al.
(1998):
The 1.5 GHz electromagnetic near-field used for cellular phones does not promote rat liver carcinogenesis in a medium-term liver bioassay
Repacholi MH et al.
(1997):
Lymphomas in Eµ-Pim1 transgenic mice exposed to pulsed 900 MHz electromagnetic fields
Salford L et al.
(1997):
Brain tumour development in rats exposed to electromagnetic fields used in wireless cellular communication
Toler JC et al.
(1997):
Long-term, low-level exposure of mice prone to mammary tumors to 435 MHz radiofrequency radiation
Wu RY et al.
(1994):
Effects of 2.45-GHz microwave radiation and phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate on dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer in mice
This website uses cookies to provide you the best browsing experience. By continuing to use this website you accept our use of cookies.