Three identical rectangular waveguide chambers made of aluminium were used in the study. The exposure chamber consisted of a straight rectangular section (24.8 cm x 20 cm) and of two waveguide-to-coaxial adapters. The total length of the chamber with the adapters was 190 cm. The mice were kept in small cylindrical acrylic restrainers (i.d. 32 mm, length adjustable) preventing them from aligning their longitudinal axis parallel to the electric field. The restrainers were placed 25 at a time on a Styrofoam holder so that each mouse was in the center of the cross section of the waveguide with its longitudinal axis perpendicular to the electric field and the direction of propagation. The distance between adjacent mice was 5 cm. The mice that were missing were replaced with mouse phantoms made of plastic cylinders partly filled with a solution simulating the dielectric properties of muscle at 900 MHz.
Setup
Modified and computer-controlled mobile phones were used as signal sources. The signals were amplified by boosters manufactured for vehicle use. RFpower meters were used for measuring the input, reflected and output power of the exposure chamber. The output power was absorbed by a coaxial 10 W termination. The SAR was controlled daily by adjusting the input power.
Forschungsgemeinschaft Funk e.V. (FGF) (Research Association for Radio Applications), Germany
Sonera, Finland
Tekes (National Technology Agency), Finland
The Finnish Work Environment Fund
Comments on this article
Lin JC
(2009):
Cell-Phone Radiation and Cancer Studies in Normal Mice
Related articles
Lerchl A et al.
(2015):
Tumor promotion by exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields below exposure limits for humans
Tillmann T et al.
(2010):
Indication of cocarcinogenic potential of chronic UMTS-modulated radiofrequency exposure in an ethylnitrosourea mouse model
Cao Y et al.
(2009):
900-MHz microwave radiation enhances gamma-ray adverse effects on SHG44 cells
Jian W et al.
(2009):
X-ray-induced apoptosis of BEL-7402 cell line enhanced by extremely low frequency electromagnetic field in vitro
Saran A et al.
(2007):
Effects of exposure of newborn patched1 heterozygous mice to GSM, 900 MHz
Smith P et al.
(2007):
GSM and DCS Wireless Communication Signals: Combined Chronic Toxicity/Carcinogenicity Study in the Wistar Rat
Oberto G et al.
(2007):
Carcinogenicity Study of 217 Hz Pulsed 900 MHz Electromagnetic Fields in Pim1 Transgenic Mice
Sommer AM et al.
(2007):
Lymphoma Development in Mice Chronically Exposed to UMTS-Modulated Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields
Shirai T et al.
(2007):
Lack of promoting effects of chronic exposure to 1.95-GHz W-CDMA signals for IMT-2000 cellular system on development of N-ethylnitrosourea-induced central nervous system tumors in F344 rats
Tillmann T et al.
(2007):
Carcinogenicity study of GSM and DCS wireless communication signals in B6C3F1 mice
Zook BC et al.
(2006):
The effects of pulsed 860 MHz radiofrequency radiation on the promotion of neurogenic tumors in rats
Heikkinen P et al.
(2006):
No effects of radiofrequency radiation on 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone-induced tumorigenesis in female Wistar rats
Verschaeve L et al.
(2006):
Investigation of co-genotoxic effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in vivo
Huang TQ et al.
(2005):
Effect of radiofrequency radiation exposure on mouse skin tumorigenesis initiated by 7,12-dimethybenz[alpha]anthracene
Shirai T et al.
(2005):
Chronic exposure to a 1.439 GHz electromagnetic field used for cellular phones does not promote N-ethylnitrosourea induced central nervous system tumors in F344 rats
Sommer AM et al.
(2004):
No effects of GSM-modulated 900 MHz electromagnetic fields on survival rate and spontaneous development of lymphoma in female AKR/J mice
LaRegina MC et al.
(2003):
The Effect of Chronic Exposure to 835.62 MHz FDMA or 847.74 MHz CDMA Radiofrequency Radiation on the Incidence of Spontaneous Tumors in Rats
Heikkinen P et al.
(2003):
Effects of mobile phone radiation on UV-induced skin tumourigenesis in ornithine decarboxylase transgenic and non-transgenic mice
Bartsch H et al.
(2002):
Chronic exposure to a GSM-like signal (mobile phone) does not stimulate the development of DMBA-induced mammary tumors in rats: results of three consecutive studies
Imaida K et al.
(2001):
Lack of promotion of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-initiated mouse skin carcinogenesis by 1.5 GHz electromagnetic near fields
Zook BC et al.
(2001):
The effects of 860 MHz radiofrequency radiation on the induction or promotion of brain tumors and other neoplasms in rats
Bastide M et al.
(2001):
Toxicologic study of electromagnetic radiation emitted by television and video display screens and cellular telephones on chickens and mice
Adey WR et al.
(2000):
Spontaneous and nitrosourea-induced primary tumors of the central nervous system in Fischer 344 rats exposed to frequency-modulated microwave fields
Adey WR et al.
(1999):
Spontaneous and nitrosourea-induced primary tumors of the central nervous system in Fischer 344 rats chronically exposed to 836 MHz modulated microwaves
Higashikubo R et al.
(1999):
Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields have no effect on the in vivo proliferation of the 9L brain tumor
Imaida K et al.
(1998):
The 1.5 GHz electromagnetic near-field used for cellular phones does not promote rat liver carcinogenesis in a medium-term liver bioassay
Repacholi MH et al.
(1997):
Lymphomas in Eµ-Pim1 transgenic mice exposed to pulsed 900 MHz electromagnetic fields
Salford L et al.
(1997):
Brain tumour development in rats exposed to electromagnetic fields used in wireless cellular communication
Toler JC et al.
(1997):
Long-term, low-level exposure of mice prone to mammary tumors to 435 MHz radiofrequency radiation
Wu RY et al.
(1994):
Effects of 2.45-GHz microwave radiation and phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate on dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer in mice
This website uses cookies to provide you the best browsing experience. By continuing to use this website you accept our use of cookies.