To evaluate whether the TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) cellular phone met some of the defining criteria of known neurocarcinogenic agents (in this case ENU (ethylnitrosourea, a carcinogen)) in an animal model which include 1) a consistent capability to increase tumor incidence, 2) a reduction in latent period, 3) establishment of a direct dose-effect relationship, 4) a shift toward more anaplastic tumor types, and 5) an increased susceptibility of fetal tissues to neurocarcinogens compared with adult tissues.
Exposure | Parameters |
---|---|
Exposure 1:
836.55 MHz
Modulation type:
pulsed
Exposure duration:
continuous for about 25 days, see add. information
|
- |
Exposure 2:
836.55 MHz
Modulation type:
pulsed
Exposure duration:
repeated daily intermittent exposure, 7.5 min on/off, 2h/day, 4 days/week for up to 680 days, see add. information
|
Rats were assigned to four experimental groups: Sham/Sham, Sham/Field, ENU/Sham and ENU/Field. A single dose of ENU was applied on gestation day 18 via the tail vein. Buffer alone was applied to the sham-injected groups.
Frequency | 836.55 MHz |
---|---|
Type | |
Charakteristic | |
Polarization |
|
Exposure duration | continuous for about 25 days, see add. information |
Exposure source | |
---|---|
Chamber | Far field conditions were simulated with an approx. plane wave in a large tapered horn radiator of square aperture (2 x 2 m²) and 4.2 m length (about 12 wavelengths). Circular polarization was achieved using crossed dipole antennae placed in front of a ground plane at the apex of the horn and phase-shifted antenna feeds. |
Setup | Rat cages were positioned (not randomized daily) in a vertically oriented 3 x 3 matrix at the aperture of the horn in a "target chamber" that was 2.5 m square and 1.5 m deep, and lined with RF-absorbing foam. Sham exposures were performed in a square chamber of identical dimensions and materials, but the tapered section was truncated to 58 cm. |
Additional info | Far field exposure of rats in their home cages began on gestation day 19 and continued until the pups were aged 21 days (about 25 days in total). |
No parameters are specified for this exposure.
Frequency | 836.55 MHz |
---|---|
Type | |
Charakteristic | |
Polarization |
|
Exposure duration | repeated daily intermittent exposure, 7.5 min on/off, 2h/day, 4 days/week for up to 680 days, see add. information |
Exposure source |
|
---|---|
Chamber | Twelve carousel exposure platforms were used each with 10 rats confined in PVC tubular restraints of different sizes and oriented radially around a central antenna. The antennas of adjacent carousels were spaced 1.7 m apart. Sham exposure was performed in identical carousels located in a different room. |
Setup | The distance to the antenna from the tip of the nose was 30 mm from weaning to 120 days, and 45 mm thereafter. |
Additional info | Near field exposure began at age 33 days and was performed on 4 consecutive days weekly until termination of the experiment at 709-712 days of age (376 exposures in total). |
Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
power | 2.5 W | - | - | - | ± 0.1 W |
SAR | 1.4 W/kg | average over mass | calculated | brain | male 250 g at 30 cm |
SAR | 1.2 W/kg | average over mass | calculated | brain | male 450 g at 45 cm |
SAR | 1.1 W/kg | average over mass | calculated | brain | female 150 g at 30 cm |
SAR | 1 W/kg | average over mass | calculated | brain | female 250 g at 45 cm |
The study shows no increased tumorigenesis in the mammalian CNS from exposure to TDMA signals. Overall, the TDMA field-exposed animals exhibited trends toward a reduced incidence of spontaneous CNS tumors and ENU (ethylnitrosourea)-induced CNS tumors.
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