Study type: Medical/biological study (experimental study)

Effects of mobile phone electromagnetic fields at nonthermal SAR values on melatonin and body weight of Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) med./bio.

Published in: J Pineal Res 2008; 44 (3): 267-272

Aim of study (acc. to author)

This in vivo study was performed to assess the effects of chronic radio frequency electromagnetic fields exposure on hamster body weight as an indicator of metabolic changes.

Background/further details

Altogether 120 male Djungarian hamsters (3-7 months old) were sham exposed and 120 hamsters were exposed to the specific absorption rate of 80 mW/kg (limit value for the general public defined by ICNIRP).

Endpoint

Exposure

Exposure Parameters
Exposure 1: 383 MHz
Modulation type: pulsed
Exposure duration: continuous for 60 days
  • SAR: 80 mW/kg mean (whole body) (±16%)
Exposure 2: 900 MHz
Modulation type: pulsed
Exposure duration: continuous for 60 days
  • SAR: 80 mW/kg mean (whole body) (±30%)
Exposure 3: 1,800 MHz
Modulation type: pulsed
Exposure duration: continuous for 60 days
  • SAR: 80 mW/kg mean (whole body) (±35%)

Exposure 1

Main characteristics
Frequency 383 MHz
Type
Charakteristic
  • guided field
Exposure duration continuous for 60 days
Modulation
Modulation type pulsed
Duty cycle 25 %
Repetition frequency 17.65 Hz
Additional info

TETRA signal with 14.167 ms burst duration

Exposure setup
Exposure source
Chamber The radial waveguides [Hansen et al., 1999] were 4.5 m in diameter and 14 cm high and were terminated at their radial boundaries by metal-backed absorbers. A cone antenna mounted in the center excited only the fundamental TEM mode, resulting in a uniform field distribution in the cross-section.
Setup For each experiment, 120 animals were RF or sham exposed in two identical exposure units (blind design). Forty macrolon cages (W 16 cm x L 23 cm x H 10 cm) per unit (each housing three unrestrained animals) were arranged at a constant distance from the antenna. Ten trapezoidal openings (approx. 1 m x 0.4 m) above the cages were closed by wire mesh lids.
Sham exposure A sham exposure was conducted.
Additional info Room temperature measurements showed little difference between the exposure units (383 MHz: <0.6°C, 900 MHz: <1.2°C, 1800 MHz: <1.6°C).
Parameters
Measurand Value Type Method Mass Remarks
SAR 80 mW/kg mean calculated whole body ±16%

Exposure 2

Main characteristics
Frequency 900 MHz
Type
Charakteristic
  • guided field
Exposure duration continuous for 60 days
Modulation
Modulation type pulsed
Duty cycle 87.5 %
Additional info

typical GSM scenario of a base station signal combined with a mobile phone contribution, thus including 2.1, 8.3, 217, and 1733 Hz frequency components

Exposure setup
Exposure source
Sham exposure A sham exposure was conducted.
Parameters
Measurand Value Type Method Mass Remarks
SAR 80 mW/kg mean calculated whole body ±30%

Exposure 3

Main characteristics
Frequency 1,800 MHz
Type
Charakteristic
  • guided field
Exposure duration continuous for 60 days
Modulation
Modulation type pulsed
Duty cycle 87.5 %
Additional info

same as E2

Exposure setup
Exposure source
Chamber For 1800 MHz, the plate distance at the inner part of the waveguide was reduced to 7 cm to prevent higher order modes with non-uniform field distributions.
Sham exposure A sham exposure was conducted.
Parameters
Measurand Value Type Method Mass Remarks
SAR 80 mW/kg mean calculated whole body ±35%

Reference articles

Exposed system:

Methods Endpoint/measurement parameters/methodology

Investigated system:
Investigated organ system:
Time of investigation:
  • before exposure
  • during exposure
  • after exposure

Main outcome of study (acc. to author)

The exposure to 383 MHz resulted in a significant transient increase in body weight, while at the exposure to 900 MHz this body weight increase was more pronounced and not transient. At 1800 MHz, no effect on body weight was seen.
In all exposures (383 MHz, 900 MHz or 1800 MHz) the pineal and serum melatonin level as well as the weights of brain, liver, kidneys and testes were not affected.

Study character:

Study funded by

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