この研究は、燃焼ガスの超微粒子（UFP；直径12-14 nm、100 μg/ ml）およびRF電磁界（EMF; SAR = 2 W / kg、連続波（CW）または変調波（217HzまたはGSM-nonDTX））の単独または組み合わせばく露がヒト単球細胞株Mono Mac 6のスーパーオキシドラジカルアニオンまたはストレスタンパク質熱ショックタンパク質（Hsp70）のレベルに影響するか否かを調べた。熱処理群（42-43℃、1時間）を、エンドポイントである２つのストレス反応に対する陽性対照、およびRFばく露セットアップがもたらす熱に対する陽性対照とした。その結果、Mono Mac 6細胞はUFPを内在化できること、およびこの食作用活性はフリーラジカルの放出増加に結びつくことが明確に示された；この増加（対照群を40〜45 %上回る）は、熱処理による効果よりも強かった；一方、いずれのRFばく露群においても、フリーラジカルレベルへの影響は見られなかった；RFとUFPの同時ばく露群では、UFPの影響の増強は見られなかった；熱処理によるHsp70発現レベルの有意な増加は、ばく露時間依存的であった一方、UFP群、RF群、またはUFP + RF群ではそのような影響はなかった、と報告している。
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To study if exposure to ultrafine particles (12-14 nm, 100 µg/ml) and radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (continuous wave (CW) or modulated (217 Hz or GSM-non DTX (switched-off GSM-DTX mode))), alone or in combination influences levels of the superoxide radical anion or the stress protein heat-shock protein (HSP70) in the human monocyte cell line Mono Mac 6.
Heat treatment (42-43°C, 1h) was used as positive control for both stress reaction and for heat development in the radiofrequency exposure setup.
| ばく露 | パラメータ |
|---|---|
|
ばく露1:
1,800 MHz
Modulation type:
CW
ばく露時間:
continuous for 60 min
|
|
|
ばく露2:
1,800 MHz
Modulation type:
pulsed
ばく露時間:
continuous for 60 min
|
|
|
ばく露3:
1,800 MHz
Modulation type:
pulsed
ばく露時間:
continuous for 60 min
GSM non-DTX signal
|
|
Cells were treated in parallel as follows: non-treated (incubator control); sham exposed; RF exposed; sham + UFP; RF + UFP; and exposed to heat (42-43 °C) (positive control). UFP stands for ultrafine particles (<0.1 µm) produced by combustion processes. In this study, UFP of 12-14 nm (100 µg/ml) were used.
| 周波数 | 1,800 MHz |
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| 特性 |
|
| ばく露時間 | continuous for 60 min |
| Modulation type | CW |
|---|
| ばく露の発生源／構造 | |
|---|---|
| チャンバの詳細 | The RF exposure setup described in the reference article consisted of two single-mode resonator cavities (equipped with a fan) that were placed in an incubator with a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air maintained at 37 °C. |
| ばく露装置の詳細 | Six 35 mm Petri dishes per cavity were placed in a dish holder positioning them in the H-field maxima of the standing waves. |
| Additional information | Exposure and sham conditions were blindly assigned to the two cavities by the computer controlled signal unit. The temperature difference between sham and field exposed cultures never exceeded 0.3 °C. The incubator controls and the heat-treated samples were placed in the same incubator but outside of the cavities. |
| 測定量 | 値 | 種別 | Method | Mass | 備考 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SAR | 2 W/kg | unspecified | 指定なし | - | - |
| 周波数 | 1,800 MHz |
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| 特性 |
|
| ばく露時間 | continuous for 60 min |
| Modulation type | pulsed |
|---|---|
| Pulse width | 0.576 ms |
| Duty cycle | 12.5 % |
| Repetition frequency | 217 Hz |
| Pulse type | rectangular |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|
| 測定量 | 値 | 種別 | Method | Mass | 備考 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SAR | 2 W/kg | unspecified | 指定なし | - | - |
| 周波数 | 1,800 MHz |
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| 特性 |
|
| ばく露時間 | continuous for 60 min |
| Additional information | GSM non-DTX signal |
| Modulation type | pulsed |
|---|---|
| Pulse width | 0.576 ms |
| Duty cycle | 12.5 % |
| Repetition frequency | 217 Hz |
| Pulse type | rectangular |
| Additional information |
GSM non-DTX signal with every 26th frame idle, which added an 8 Hz modulation component to the signal. The crest factor (ratio of pulse power and average power) was 8.3. |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|
| 測定量 | 値 | 種別 | Method | Mass | 備考 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SAR | 2 W/kg | unspecified | 指定なし | - | - |
The data showed that the cells are capable to internalise ultrafine particles, and that this phagocytic activity is connected to an increased release of free radicals. This increase (40-45% above negative control) was stronger than the effect of heat treatment.
None of the employed radiofrequency exposures showed any effects on free radical levels.
Co-exposure of radiofrequency and ultrafine particles did not potentiate the ultrafine particles effect either.
The results revealed a significantly increased HSP70 expression level by heat treatment in a time-dependent manner, whereas ultrafine particles, radiofrequency, or ultrafine particles + radiofrequency were without any effect. Therefore, the authors conclude that in the investigated Mono Mac 6 cells, radiofrequency irradiation alone or in combination with ultrafine particles cannot influence stress-related responses.
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