Study overviews

Mobile phone related articles are

Please note that a publication can be assigned to several endpoints, i.e. the sum of publications from the individual thematic points and subpoints can be greater than the total sum of actual publications.

Experimental studies on mobile communications

1743 studies in total
  1. Health
    770 studies
  2. DNA, proteins, and oxidative stress
    584 studies
  3. Brain
    519 studies
  4. Cells
    228 studies
  5. Other
    208 studies
  6. Cell functions
    118 studies

Health

770 studies in total
  1. Effects on testis/sperms, fertility
    157 studies
  2. Organ parameter
    95 studies
  3. Blood parameter
    86 studies
  4. Behavior
    84 studies
  5. Effects on embryo/fetus
    80 studies
  6. Effects on the auditory system
    62 studies
  7. Heart rate/blood pressure
    59 studies
  8. Endocrine changes (in general)
    55 studies
  9. Hypersensitivity/well-being/subjective complaints
    54 studies
  10. Cancer
    48 studies
  11. Effects on the immune system
    34 studies
  12. Thermoregulation
    28 studies
  13. Effects on skin
    26 studies
  14. Endocrine changes (melatonin)
    19 studies
  15. Effects on bones (bone cells)
    16 studies
  16. Effects on eyes
    11 studies
  17. Effects on nerves (not CNS)
    9 studies
  18. Effects on the musculoskeletal system
    4 studies

Cancer 48 studies in total

List view Background information
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Brooks AM et al. 2024 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley - 1.8 GHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone base station, GSM, RF
Minoretti P et al. 2023 human - - - - mobile communications, mobile phone, 4G
Mansourian M et al. 2022 animal, mouse/BALB/c - 5 kHz–900 MHz - - mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, electric current application, electrotherapy, intermediate frequency, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure
Mansourian M et al. 2021 intact cell/cell culture, 4T1 (mouse mammary tumour cells), animal, mouse/BALB/c - 5 kHz–900 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM, electric current application, intermediate frequency, signals/pulses, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure
Mansourian M et al. 2020 intact cell/cell culture, animal, mouse/BALB/c - 217 Hz–5 kHz - - GSM, mobile communications, magnetic field, electric current application, low frequency, signals/pulses, intermediate frequency, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF
Ouadah NS et al. 2018 animal, rat/Wistar, partial body - 900 MHz - - GSM, mobile communications
Falcioni L et al. 2018 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley, whole body brain and heart tumors 1,835 MHz 0.001–0.1 W/kg 19 h/day, 7 days/week from 12th day of gestation until natural death (up to 152 weeks) mobile communications, mobile phone base station, GSM
Liu YX et al. 2015 intact cell/cell culture, U251-MG, U87-MG, T98G and A127 (human glioblastoma cell lines) cellular parameters <i>in vitro</i> and tumorigenesis <i>in vivo</i> 1,950 MHz 5 W/kg continuous for 12 hours mobile phone, CDMA, mobile communications
Lerchl A et al. 2015 animal, mouse/C3H/HeNCrl x C57Bl/6N, whole body number, size and morphology of tumors in different tissues - 0.04–2 W/kg continuous for 23.3 h per day, 7 days per week, starting <i>in utero</i> up to 72 weeks mobile phone, UMTS, mobile communications, co-exposure
Akhavan-Sigari R et al. 2014 human, partial body: head relationship between <i>p53</i> expression, <i>p53</i> mutations, survival time and cell phone usage 800–1,900 MHz 0.66–1.53 W/kg repeated daily exposure of less than 3 hours mobile phone, mobile communications
Yang L et al. 2012 intact cell/cell culture, NIH3T3 cells (mouse fibroblasts) neoplastic promotion: cell morphology and cell proliferation <i>in vitro</i>; cancer promoting activity <i>in vivo</i> 916 MHz - continuous for 2 h/day every day, until cells lost their contact inhibition (up to 8 weeks) mobile phone, mobile communications, microwaves, CW continuous wave
Lee HJ et al. 2011 animal, mouse/AKR/J, whole body carcinogenesis (lymphoma incidence) 848.5–1,950 MHz 2 W/kg continuous for 45 min/day, 5 days/week for up to 42 weeks mobile communications, mobile phone, CDMA, W-CDMA
Tillmann T et al. 2010 animal, mouse/B6C3F1, whole body neoplasms and pre-neoplastic lesions and tumour incidences in spleen, kidneys, liver, lung, lymph nodes, and brain 1,966 MHz 0.62–5.76 W/kg continuous for 20 hr/day, 7 days/week for up to 24 months UMTS, mobile communications
Hruby R et al. 2008 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body mammary tumor 902 MHz 0.4–4 W/kg repeated daily exposure, 4 h/day, 5 days/week, for 6 months digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Saran A et al. 2007 animal, mouse/<i>Patched1</i> (heterozygous knockout mouse) and wild type, whole body carcinogenesis and tumor promotion 900 MHz 0.4 W/kg 0.5 h/twice a day for 5 days (from day 2 to day 6 after birth) with a 6 h intervall between exposures digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Smith P et al. 2007 animal, rat/Han Wistar (HanBrl:WIST), whole body carcinogenicity 902 MHz 0.41–4 W/kg repeated daily exposure, 2 h/day, 5 days/week, for 52 or 104 weeks digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Oberto G et al. 2007 animal, mouse/PIM (transgenic mouse carrying the <i>pim</i>-1 oncogene) and wild-type C57BL6 mouse, whole body tumor (lymphoma) incidence 900 MHz 0.5–4 W/kg repeated daily exposure, 1 h/day, for 18 months mobile phone, mobile communications
Sommer AM et al. 2007 animal, mouse/AKR/J, whole body lymphoma development 1.966 GHz 0.4 W/kg almost continuous for up to 248 days digital mobile phone, UMTS, mobile communications
Shirai T et al. 2007 animal, rat/Fischer 344, partial body: nose/head tumor development in the central nervous system 1.95 GHz 0.464–7.6 W/kg repeated daily exposure, 90 min/day, 5 days/week, for 104 weeks, starting at 5 weeks of age digital mobile phone, CDMA, mobile communications
Tillmann T et al. 2007 animal, mouse/B6C3F1 carcinogenic effect 902–1,747 MHz 0.4–33.2 mW/g repeated daily exposure, 2 h/day, 5 days/week, for 2 years GSM, mobile communications
Anghileri LJ et al. 2006 animal, mouse/Ico OFI - 800 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, also other exposures without EMF
Anghileri LJ et al. 2006 animal, mouse/Ico OFI, whole body - 800 MHz - - mobile phone, mobile communications, RF, co-exposure
Heikkinen P et al. 2006 animal, rat/Wistar, whole body tumorigenesis; cocarcinogenic effects 900 MHz 0.3–0.9 W/kg repeated daily exposure, 2 h/day, 5 days/week, for 104 weeks digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Zook BC et al. 2006 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, partial body: head, nose brain and spinal cord tumors (spinal nerve, spinal cord, cranial nerve, and brain tumors) 860 MHz 0.42–1 W/kg repeated daily exposure, 6 h/day, 5 days/week, from 52 ± 2 days of age until scheduled killing at 30-day intervals between 171 and 325 days of age digital mobile phone, mobile communications
Yu D et al. 2006 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body mammary tumors 900 MHz 0.44–4 W/kg repeated daily exposure, 4 h/day, 5 days/week, for 26 weeks GSM, mobile communications, microwaves
Huang TQ et al. 2005 animal, mouse/ICR, whole body skin tumors 848.5 MHz 0.4 W/kg repeated daily exposure, 45 min on/15 min off/45 min on, 5 days/week for 19 weeks PCS, CDMA, mobile communications
Anghileri LJ et al. 2005 animal, mouse/CF1 (Ico:OFI), whole body carcinogenesis 800 MHz - repeated exposure for 1 hour per week for 4 months mobile communications, mobile phone
Shirai T et al. 2005 animal, rat/Fischer 344, partial body: head brain and spinal cord tumors 1.439 GHz 0.4–6 W/kg repeated daily exposure, 90 min/day, 5 days/week for 104 weeks PDC, TDMA, mobile communications
Sommer AM et al. 2004 animal, mouse/AKR/J, whole body lymphoma 900 MHz 0.4 W/kg continuous for about 40 weeks GSM, mobile communications
Anderson LE et al. 2004 animal, rat/Fischer 344, whole body, partial body: head (from day 35 of age through 2 years) cancer 1.62 GHz 0.06–1.6 W/kg repeated daily exposure, 2 h/day, for about 27 days mobile communications, IRIDIUM
Anane R et al. 2003 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body mammary gland tumors 900 MHz 0.1–3.5 W/kg repeated daily exposure, 2 h/day, 5 days/week for 9 weeks GSM, mobile communications, microwaves
LaRegina MC et al. 2003 animal, rat/Fischer 344 cancer 835.62 MHz 1.3 W/kg repeated daily exposure, 4 h/day, 5 days/week, over two years mobile communications, CDMA, FDMA, microwaves
Heikkinen P et al. 2003 animal, mouse/transgenic of the line K2 (over-expressing the human ODC gene) and non-transgenic littermate, whole body skin tumours 849 MHz 0.5–4 W/kg repeated daily exposure for 1.5 h/day, 5 days/week for 52 weeks digital mobile phone, GSM, D-AMPS, mobile communications
Utteridge TD et al. 2002 animal, mouse/Eµ-<i>Pim1</i><!--Eµ-Pim1--> (transgenic, C57BL/6Ntac) and the wild type of that strain, whole body lymphoma 898.4 MHz 0.25–4 W/kg repeated daily exposure for 1 h/day, 5 days/week for up to 104 weeks GSM, mobile communications, microwaves
Bartsch H et al. 2002 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body mammary tumors 900 MHz 60–130 mW/kg nearly continuous until the largest tumour reached a diameter of 1-2 cm GSM, mobile communications
Bastide M et al. 2001 animal, chicken embryos (eggs) and chicks, mouse/C57BL/6 j RJ, whole body cancer in mice, hormone levels in chicken and mice, antibody levels in chicken, mortality in chicken embryos 900 MHz - continuous for up to 15 weeks mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, PC/TV monitor, shielding/field deprivation
Heikkinen P et al. 2001 animal, mouse/CBA/s, whole body tumor development 902.4 MHz 0.35–1.5 W/kg repeated daily exposure, 1.5 h/day, 5 days a week for 78 weeks analog mobile phone, digital mobile phone, GSM, NMT, mobile communications
Imaida K et al. 2001 animal, mouse/ICR, partial body: skin skin tumors 1.49 GHz 0.084–2 W/kg repeated daily exposure, 90 min/day, 5 days/week for 19 weeks PDC, TDMA, mobile communications
Zook BC et al. 2001 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, partial body: head, nose brain and spinal cord tumors 860 MHz 0.42–1 W/kg repeated daily exposure, 6 h/day, 5 days/week, from 2 up to 24 months of age mobile communications, mobile phone
Adey WR et al. 2000 animal, rat/Fischer 344, whole body, partial body: head CNS tumors 836.55 MHz 0.27–1.2 W/kg continuous for about 25 days, see add. information mobile communications, mobile phone, microwaves
Adey WR et al. 1999 animal, rat/Fischer 344, whole body, partial body: head CNS tumors 836.55 MHz 1–1.4 W/kg continuous for about 25 days, see add. information NADC, TDMA, mobile communications, microwaves
Chagnaud JL et al. 1999 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body cancer 900 MHz 75–270 mW/kg repeated daily exposure, 2 h/day, 5 days/week for 2 weeks mobile communications, GSM, low level microwaves
Higashikubo R et al. 1999 animal, rat/Fischer 344, implemented with different numbers of 9L gliosarcoma cells, partial body: head brain tumor 835.26 MHz 0.75 W/kg repeated daily exposure, 4 h/day, 5 days/week, for up to 178 days mobile communications, CDMA
Imaida K et al. 1998 animal, rat/Fischer 344, whole body liver cancer 929.2 MHz 0.8–72 W/kg repeated daily exposure, 90 min/day, 5 days a week, over 6 weeks mobile communications, PDC, TDMA
Imaida K et al. 1998 animal, rat/Fischer 344, whole body liver cancer 1.439 GHz 0.68–7.6 W/kg repeated daily exposure for 90 min/day, 5 days/week, over 6 weeks TDMA, mobile communications
Salford L et al. 1997 animal, rat/Fischer 344; brains were infected with specific rat tumor cells (RG2 and N32 cells), whole body brain tumor 915 MHz 0.0077–1.67 W/kg repeated daily exposure, 7 h/day, 5 days/week, for 10-15 days GSM, mobile communications, microwaves
Repacholi MH et al. 1997 animal, mouse/Eµ-<i>Pim1</i><!--Eµ-Pim1--> transgenic (ppG64) and nontransgenic C57BL/6NTac, whole body lymphoma 900 MHz 1.4–4.2 W/kg repeated daily exposure for 30 min every 12 h for up to 18 months GSM, mobile communications
Salford LG et al. 1993 animal, rat/Fischer 344 brain tumor 915 MHz 0.0077–1.67 W/kg repeated daily exposure, 7 h/day, 5 days/week, for 10-15 days GSM, mobile communications, microwaves