この研究は、実験用トレイで飼育中のアリの行動に対する無線機器の影響を実験的に観察した。調査した機器は、携帯電話、スマートホン、コードレス電話（DECT）、WiFiルータである。通常動作中のそれらの機器の近くにアリの飼育トレイをおいて、行動軌線を記録したほか、行動を観察した。その結果、行動軌線の数量的変化、特異な行動などが観察された、と報告している。
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In view of the development of a novel test system, the effects of exposure of ants to different radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on the motor activity as a potential indicator for adverse effects of electromagnetic fields should be investigated.
Ants of the species Myrmica sabuleti and Myrmica ruginodis were exposed to different exposure and control conditions (without any wireless equipment nearby).
Ants were divided into the following groups (each with n=20-40 ants from 1-2 colonies): M. sabuleti was 1) exposed to a mobile phone battery, 2) to a mobile phone without battery, or to a complete phone in 3) off mode, 4) in standby mode and 5) in on mode. The tests with groups 2-5 were repeated under blind conditions afterwards. M. sabuleti ants were further exposed to an active 6) DECT phone or 7) smartphone or to a WLAN router for 8) 5 or 9) 30 minutes.
M. ruginodis was exposed to 10) a notebook in off-mode, 11) an active notebook with deactivated WLAN function and 12) an active notebook with activated WLAN function.
For both species, several control groups were conducted.
| ばく露 | パラメータ |
|---|---|
ばく露1:
ばく露時間:
not given
mobile phone battery
|
- |
ばく露2:
ばく露時間:
not given
mobile phone without battery
|
- |
ばく露3:
ばく露時間:
not given
mobile phone off
|
- |
|
ばく露4:
900 MHz
ばく露時間:
not given
mobile phone standby
|
- |
|
ばく露5:
900 MHz
ばく露時間:
not given
mobile phone on
|
|
ばく露6:
ばく露時間:
continuous for 3 minutes
DECT phone
|
|
ばく露7:
ばく露時間:
continuous for 3 minutes
smartphone
|
|
|
ばく露8:
2.4 GHz
ばく露時間:
continuous for 5 minutes
WLAN router
|
|
|
ばく露9:
2.4 GHz
ばく露時間:
continuous for 30 minutes
WLAN router
|
|
ばく露10:
ばく露時間:
continuous for 5 minutes
notebook off
|
- |
ばく露11:
ばく露時間:
continuous for 5 minutes
notebook with deactivated WLAN
|
|
ばく露12:
ばく露時間:
continuous for 5 minutes
notebook with active WLAN
|
| 周波数 |
|
|---|---|
| ばく露時間 | not given |
| Additional information | mobile phone battery |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|---|
| チャンバの詳細 | artificial nests made of one to three glass tubes, half-filled with water and a cotton-plug separating the ants from the water; the glass tubes were deposited in trays (33 x 22 x 2.5 cm or 43 x 28 x 7 cm) |
| ばく露装置の詳細 | exposure source was placed below nest trays; room temperature was maintained at 20°C ± 2°C and humidity was about 80% |
No parameters are specified for this exposure.
| 周波数 |
|
|---|---|
| ばく露時間 | not given |
| Additional information | mobile phone without battery |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|
No parameters are specified for this exposure.
| 周波数 |
|
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| ばく露時間 | not given |
| Additional information | mobile phone off |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|
No parameters are specified for this exposure.
| 周波数 | 900 MHz |
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| ばく露時間 | not given |
| Additional information | mobile phone standby |
| Additional information | GSM |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|
No parameters are specified for this exposure.
| 周波数 | 900 MHz |
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| ばく露時間 | not given |
| Additional information | mobile phone on |
| Additional information | GSM |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|---|
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| 周波数 | 2.4 GHz |
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| ばく露時間 | continuous for 5 minutes |
| Additional information | WLAN router |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|---|
| Distance between exposed object and exposure source | 30 cm |
| チャンバの詳細 | see E1 |
| ばく露装置の詳細 | router was placed between the two colonies; room temperature was maintained at 20°C ± 2°C and humidity was about 80% |
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| 周波数 |
|
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| ばく露時間 | continuous for 5 minutes |
| Additional information | notebook off |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|---|
| チャンバの詳細 | see E1 |
| ばく露装置の詳細 | ants were located in front of the computer, at a distance of 20 cm and 5 cm beneath, i.e. where a user's body is usually located; room temperature was maintained at 20°C ± 2°C and humidity was about 80% |
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
No parameters are specified for this exposure.
| 周波数 |
|
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| ばく露時間 | continuous for 5 minutes |
| Additional information | notebook with deactivated WLAN |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|---|
| チャンバの詳細 | see E1 |
| ばく露装置の詳細 | see E10 |
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| 周波数 |
|
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| ばく露時間 | continuous for 5 minutes |
| Additional information | notebook with active WLAN |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|---|
| チャンバの詳細 | see E1 |
| ばく露装置の詳細 | see E10 |
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
Exposure to a complete mobile phone in off, standby or on mode (groups 3-5) resulted in a significantly increased angular speed but only exposure to a complete mobile phone in on mode resulted in an additional significant decrease of the linear speed compared to the control group. These results were confirmed by the blind tests. Moreover, it was observed that ants left their nest and took their brood with them immediatelly when a mobile phone in standby mode was placed directly under the nest.
Exposure to a DECT phone or smartphone or to a WLAN router led to a significantly increased angular speed and a significantly decreased linear speed compared to the control group.
Exposure to an active notebook with activated WLAN function induced a significantly increased angular speed compared to the control group.
The authors conclude that exposure of ants to different radiofrequency electromagnetic fields could have effects on the motor activity and might be of use in a test as an indicator for adverse effects of electromagnetic fields.
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