研究のタイプ: 医学／生物学の研究 (experimental study)

[ミリ波はマウス皮膚の遅発性過敏症を増強する] med./bio.

Millimeter waves enhance delayed-type hypersensitivity in mouse skin

著者: Logani MK, Liu Y, Ziskin MC
掲載誌: Electro Magnetobiol 1999; 18 (2): 165-176
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この研究は、T細胞を介した免疫に対するミリ波電磁波の影響を調べた。影響の評価には、ミリは照射を受けたマウス皮膚における遅延型皮膚炎（DTH）アッセイを用いた。一般に、マウスまたはヒトの皮膚におけるDTH反応の発生には、抗原特異的、T細胞媒介性、記憶依存性免疫が関与することが示されている。刺激性溶媒ジニトロクロロベンゼン（DNCB）はアレルギー性接触皮膚炎を起こす。DNCB塗布で誘発されたマウス皮膚のDTH反応は、耳の厚さの増加で定量化される。雌マウス（7週齢）を、ミリ波ばく露（n = 80）と3つの対照群（擬似ばく露群（n = 47）、非感作対照群（n = 3）、感作なしの酢酸テトラデカノイルホルボール塗布対照群（n = 5：接触皮膚炎の評価のため）に割り当てた。異なる周波数と電力密度（42.2 GHzの場合、14.8 mW/cm2；53.6 GHzの場合、12.7または43.1 mW/cm2）でのばく露実験では、マウスの右耳に高濃度のDNCB塗布による感作を行った後、低濃度のDNCBが塗布された。その結果、実験した周波数および電力密度のミリ波を皮膚に照射した場合、DTHを介した免疫が強化されることが示された；逆に、DTHとは異なって抗原特異的な記憶反応を伴わない免疫反応である刺激性の接触皮膚炎に対するミリ波の影響は観察されなかった、と報告している。

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研究目的（著者による）

To study the effect of electromagnetic millimeter waves on delayed-type hypersensitivity and irritant contact sensitivity in mice.

詳細情報

Female mice (7 weeks old) were assigned to exposure groups (n=80) and three control groups (sham exposure: n=47; unsensitized controls: n=3, no sensitization, but challenge; solvent control: n=5). Different frequencies and power densities were examined. In the experiments of the delayed-type hypersensitivity (field 1 and 2) the animals were sensitized by topical application of highly concentrated dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) on the right ear. Later they were challenged with DNCB in lower concentration. To study the irritant contact sensitivity (field 3) tetradecanoylphorbol acetate was applied and the allergic reaction was estimated in terms of increased ear thickness.

影響評価項目

ばく露

ばく露 パラメータ
ばく露1: 53.6 GHz
Modulation type: CW
ばく露時間: repeated daily exposure, 30 min/day, for 3 days
ばく露2: 42.2 GHz
Modulation type: CW
ばく露時間: repeated daily exposure, 30 min/day, for 3 days
ばく露3: 42.2 GHz
Modulation type: CW
ばく露時間: repeated daily exposure, 30 min/day, for 3 days

General information

for experiment 1 (Expo 1) animals were treated in four groups: 1.) sensitized with a topical application of 10 µl of 2.5% DNCB solution to the right ear + challenged with 10 µl of 0.6 % DNCB at the right ear + irradiated 2.) sensitized with a topical application of 10 µl of 2.5% DNCB solution to the right ear + challenged with 10 µl of 0.6 % DNCB at the right ear + sham irradiated 3.) not sensitized but challenged with 10 µl of 0.6 % DNCB at the right ear and not irradiated 4.) control group - neither sensitized nor challenged nor irradiated for experiment 2 (Expo 2) animals were treated in three groups: 1.) irradiated with 43.1 mW 2.) irradiated with 13.5 mW iii) sham irradiated

ばく露1

主たる特性
周波数 53.6 GHz
タイプ
  • electromagnetic field
ばく露時間 repeated daily exposure, 30 min/day, for 3 days
Additional information ± 0.2 GHz
Modulation
Modulation type CW
ばく露装置
ばく露の発生源／構造
Distance between exposed object and exposure source 5 mm
ばく露装置の詳細 mice placed on a non-metallic hot-water thermostatic blanket set at 38°C; horn aperture positioned above the mid-back of the mice
Sham exposure A sham exposure was conducted.
パラメータ
測定量 値 種別 Method Mass 備考
電力 15.3 mW mean 測定値 - ± 0.8 mW
電力密度 14.8 mW/cm² maximum 計算値 - ± 2.4 mW/cm²
SAR 296 W/kg maximum 測定値 - ± 47 W/kg
Additional parameter details

Steady-state temperature elevation was 0.6 ± 0.2°C.

測定および計算の詳細

The SAR distribution was determined thermographically during irradiation using an infrared camera that had to be positioned at an angle of 30° to the skin surface. Results were accordingly adjusted. The SAR distributions were heterogeneous, but overall, they were bell shaped and occupied an elliptical cross-sectional area.

ばく露2

主たる特性
周波数 42.2 GHz
タイプ
  • electromagnetic field
ばく露時間 repeated daily exposure, 30 min/day, for 3 days
Additional information ± 0.2 GHz
Modulation
Modulation type CW
ばく露装置
ばく露の発生源／構造
  • E1と同じ装置
Sham exposure A sham exposure was conducted.
パラメータ
測定量 値 種別 Method Mass 備考
電力 13.5 mW mean 測定値 - ± 0.5 mW
電力密度 12.7 mW/cm² maximum 計算値 - ± 2.8 mW/cm²
SAR 254 W/kg maximum 測定値 - ± 55 W/kg
電力 43.1 mW mean 測定値 - ± 3.1 mW
電力密度 42.4 mW/cm² maximum 計算値 - ± 7.7 mW/cm²
SAR 849 W/kg maximum 測定値 - ± 153 W/kg
Additional parameter details

Steady-state temperature elevations were 0.5 ± 0.3°C and 1.8 ± 0.1°C, respectively.

ばく露3

主たる特性
周波数 42.2 GHz
タイプ
  • electromagnetic field
ばく露時間 repeated daily exposure, 30 min/day, for 3 days
Additional information ± 0.2 GHz
Modulation
Modulation type CW
ばく露装置
ばく露の発生源／構造
  • E1と同じ装置
Sham exposure A sham exposure was conducted.
パラメータ
測定量 値 種別 Method Mass 備考
電力 35 mW mean 測定値 - ± 1.1 mW
電力密度 34.6 mW/cm² maximum 計算値 - ± 5.6 mW/cm²
SAR 691 W/kg maximum 測定値 - ± 112 W/kg
Additional parameter details

Steady-state temperature elevation was 1.4 ± 0.2°C.

Reference articles

ばく露を受けた生物:

方法 影響評価項目／測定パラメータ／方法

研究対象とした生物試料:
研究対象とした臓器系:
調査の時期:
  • ばく露前
  • ばく露後

研究の主なアウトカム（著者による）

The 53.6 GHz exposed animals showed a significant enhancement of the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction compared with the sham exposure animals. The unsensitized group showed only a low-grade delayed-type hypersensitivity response. The solvent control group did not show any delayed-type hypersensitivity response.
In the 42.2 GHz, 13.5 mW exposed animals no significant difference in ear thickness was observed compared to the sham exposure group. In the 43.1 mW group a significant enhancement of the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction compared with the sham exposure animals was observed.
The investigation of the irritant contact sensitivity did not reveal any difference in ear thickness between the irradiated animals compared to the sham exposure group.

研究の種別:

研究助成

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