この研究は、ラットを用い、RF電磁界と工業用溶媒2-メトキシエタノール（2ME）の組み合わせばく露が、それぞれの単独ばく露より高い発生毒性を持つか否かについて、探索的試験を行った。少数のラットを使用した予備的な用量決定試験では、妊娠13日目投与の場合で、RF電磁界および2MEの用量を変えて、外部奇形（主に足の）を生じさせる能力を検査した。結果として、30分間で直腸温を42.0℃（ラットの通常体温より４℃高い）に上昇させ得る電磁界ばく露レベルおよび２ＭＥ投与量（150 mg/kg）を決定して一次試験に用いた。一次試験では、妊娠ラットを用いて、RFばく露＋蒸留水投与、2ME投与＋擬似RFばく露、RFばく露＋2ME投与、擬似RFばく露＋蒸留水投与の各群（18〜27匹）で実験した。妊娠20日目に屠殺し、その子孫の外部奇形を調べた。その結果、組み合わせばく露群では、いずれかの単独ばく露で引き起こされる有害影響が増強された；擬似RFばく露＋蒸留水投与群では奇形は検出されなかった；リッター（同腹仔）当たりの平均胎児奇形発生率は、2ME投与＋擬似RFばく露群で14%、RFばく露＋蒸留水投与群で30％、RFばく露＋2ME投与群で76％と上昇した；奇形の重症度においても同様の傾向が見られた、と報告している。
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To study whether concurrent exposure of rats to radiofrequency irradiation and the industrial solvent 2-methoxyethanol can enhance the developmental toxicity of either agent acting alone.
Preliminary dose-finding studies investigated the ability of various radiofrequency irradiation conditions and doses of 2-methoxyethanol to produce external malformations when administered on gestation day 13. Based on these preliminary studies, radiofrequency irradiation (sufficient to elevate rectal temperature to 42°C for 30 min) and 150 mg/kg 2-methoxyethanol administration were selected for the main study.
In the main study, pregnant rats were administered radiofrequency irradiation and distilled water gavage, 2-methoxyethanol gavage and sham exposure, radiofrequency exposure and 2-methoxyethanol gavage concurrently, or sham exposure and distilled water gavage. Pregnant animals were sacrificed on gestation day 20, and the offspring were examined for external malformations.
| 周波数 | 10 MHz |
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| タイプ |
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| 特性 |
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| ばく露時間 | until the rectal temperature increased to 42°C and a moderate incidence of external malformations were produced; total exposure time ca. 1 h |
| Modulation type | CW |
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| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
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| チャンバの詳細 | Forma scientific enviromental chamber maintained at 24°C and 50% humidity |
| ばく露装置の詳細 | rats were exposed without anesthesia in cylindrical plexiglas holders with 12 mm holes; each rat was oriented with its long axis parallel to the incident electric field |
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
Combined exposures enhanced the adverse effects produced by either experimental agent alone. Mean fetal malformations/litter increased from 14% after 2-methoxyethanol and sham exposure and 30% after radiofrequency irradiation and water gavage, to 76% after the combined treatment. In addition to a significant increase in the frequency of malformations, the severity of malformations also was enhanced by the combination treatment.
The study provided evidence of synergism between radiofrequency irradiation and 2-methoxyethanol administration, but additional research will be required to characterize the extent of synergism between these two agents. Potential interactive effects between chemical and physical agents need to be studied to determine the extent to which such interactions should impact occupational exposure standards.
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