この研究は、テラヘルツ放射ばく露を受けたマウス間葉系幹細胞の細胞応答を調べた。ばく露には、広帯域パルス波（中心周波数10 THz）発生源および連続波（CW）レーザ（2.52 THz）発生源を用い、どちらも出力は低レベルに設定した。モデリング、実験的特性評価、および監視技術を適用して、テラヘルツ放射による温度上昇の影響は最小限に抑えた。定量的RT-PCRを使用して、温度上昇に関与する、選択した遺伝子の転写活性の変化を評価した。その結果、調査した熱ショックタンパク質（HSP105、HSP90、およびCPR）の差次的発現に影響は見られず、ばく露による温度上昇は最小限であった；その一方、長時間の広帯域テラヘルツ放射の場合、特定の他の遺伝子（アディポネクチン、GLUT4、およびPPARG）の発現に明らかな影響が見られた、と報告している。
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Mesenchymal mouse stem cells were exposed to Terahertz waves to study whether mammalian cells exhibit specific cellular and/or molecular effects, unrelated to the temperature changes. To examine the eventual thermal effect locally, i.e. in the cells, the Terahertz-induced transcriptional activation of hyperthermic genes was quantified, and their expression levels were compared with previously reported differentially expressed genes (Bock et al. 2010).
The irradiations were performed at biologically-low temperatures (26-27°C), and at low Terahertz power densities (1-3 mW/cm²), in order to minimize thermal effects on the gene activity. To analyze the possible changes in the temperature, simulations and experimental measurements were applied.
| Modulation type | pulsed |
|---|---|
| Pulse width | 0.035 ps |
| Repetition frequency | 1 kHz |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|---|
| ばく露装置の詳細 | laser beam directed by a 90° off-axis parabolic gold mirror onto the bottom of the 4 cm diameter parafilm-sealed tissue culture dish |
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| 周波数 | 2.52 THz |
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| ばく露時間 | continuous for 2 h |
| Modulation type | CW |
|---|
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|---|
| ばく露装置の詳細 | laser beam directed by a 90° off-axis parabolic gold mirror onto the bottom of the 4 cm diameter parafilm-sealed tissue culture dish |
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| 測定量 | 値 | 種別 | Method | Mass | 備考 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 電力密度 | 3 mW/cm² | - | 測定値 | - | at the center of the beam |
No cell death was visually observed. No effects on the cell membranes were visually discernable. No lipid inclusions were found in the control samples or in the samples that were exposed to 2 hours of CW irradiation (exposure 2). However, lipid droplet-like inclusions were observed in the cellular cytoplasm after 2 and 9 hours of broad-band exposure (exposure 1) and the morphological changes seemed to be dependent of the exposure duration (fewer inclusions after 2 h than after 9 h) and frequency.
Temperature increases were minimal, and the expression of the investigated heat shock proteins (hsp105, hsp90 and CPR) was unaffected, while the gene expression of the other genes (adiponectin, GLUT4, and PPARG) showed clear effects of the Terahertz irradiation after prolonged, broad-band exposure (as revealed in Bock et al. 2010). These effects where observed under irradiation conditions that caused minimal temperature changes, and in the explicit absence of any discernable response of heat shock and cellular stress genes.
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