【目的】第2、第3世代携帯電話（2G、3G）の信号へのばく露時の、青年群、若い成人群、高齢者群における感覚および認知の処理について検査すること。【方法】検査には、3つの刺激音を用いたオドボール課題およびN-back課題を用いた。13-15 歳41名、19-40 歳42名、55-70 歳20名の被験者は2重ブラインド、交差デザインにしたがって、最短でも4日の間隔をおいて、擬似ばく露、2Gおよび3G信号ばく露中の試行テストをそれぞれ受けた 。【結果】［3刺激音オドボール課題］行動学的には、標的に対する正答率および反応時間にばく露の影響はなかった。脳波上は は、N1反応の増強が2Gばく露時に見られた（年齢群には無関係）。［N-back課題］行動学的には、全年齢統合群で3Gばく露時に（擬似ばく露に比べ）課題の正確性が低下した。事後試行の結果、この影響は青年群においてのみ見られた。脳波上は 、アルファ波パワーのERD/ERS反応の遅延が2Gおよび3Gばく露の両方で見られた（擬似ばく露との比較において；年齢群には無関係）。【結論】個人の能力水準に合わせて作成された課題を用いることにより、今回の研究は、2Gおよび3G急性ばく露がヒトの認知機能に与える影響の支持を提供した。研究では影響は微妙であったことから、今後の研究では個人差を考慮に入れることの重要性が示唆された。
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To examine electrophysiological, sensory and cognitive processes in adolescents, young adults and older adults, when exposed to a radiofrequency field.
41 adolescents (13-15 years), 42 adults (19-40 years), and 20 elderly (55-70 years) were tested. Each participant received sham exposure, 2nd generation (2G) GSM, and 3rd generation (3G) W-CDMA exposures, separated by at least four days.
During all experiments 50 dB white noise was produced to have a constant noise level.
| 周波数 | 894.6 MHz |
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| ばく露時間 | continuous for 55 min |
| Additional information | 2G mobile phone |
| Modulation type | pulsed |
|---|---|
| Repetition frequency | 217 Hz |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|---|
| チャンバの詳細 | electromagnetic and sound shielded room; subjects were seated in a chair with their eyes approximately 60 cm from the centre of a computer screen |
| ばく露装置の詳細 | 2G handset was placed in a cradle on one side of the head and the 3G handset on the other side, both in "touch" position; speaker was removed from the phone |
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| 周波数 | 1,900 MHz |
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| ばく露時間 | continuous for 55 min |
| Additional information | 3G mobile phone |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|---|
| チャンバの詳細 | electromagnetic and sound shielded room; subjects were seated in a chair with their eyes approximately 60 cm from the centre of a computer screen |
| ばく露装置の詳細 | 3G handset was placed in a cradle on one side of the head and the 2G handset on the other side, both in "touch" position; speaker was removed from the phone; metalic handset with shape and size of a typical mobile phone handset; monopole antenna inside the handset fed by an external RF source suppling a W-CDMA signal |
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
Oddball task: Cognition: Neither the accuracy nor the reaction time differed between the sham exposed, 2G or 3G group. No age dependent effects were found. Electrophysiology: An augmented N100 amplitude was observed in the 2G condition compared to the sham condition (independent of age group). No other differences in the amplitudes and latencies in the EEG were observed between 2G, 3G and sham exposure.
N-back task: Cognition: The accuracy in the adolescents was significant worse in the 3G exposed group than in the sham exposed group, but not in the other age groups. No differences between sham exposure and 2G exposure occurred. Electrophysiology: Delayed ERD/ERS responses of the alpha wave power were found in both 3G and 2G conditions compared to the sham condition (independent of age group).
The authors conclude that this study provides support for an effect of radiofrequency exposure on human cognitive function and on electrophysiological processes.
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