この研究は、小型の携帯型レーダからの電磁信号が採餌中のコウモリの侵入を防ぐ機能を持つという仮説を検証した。著者らはこれに先立って、大型の航空交通管制用および気象用レーダの近くでコウモリの活動が減少することを野外調査により示した。そこで、2007年6月から9月にかけて、スコットランド北東部の20箇所のコウモリの採餌場所で、実験試行（レーダをオンにした）と対照試行（レーダ信号なし）中のコウモリの活動を比較した。日没の45分後から、各試行中のコウモリ活動を30分間記録した。調査夜毎に試行の順序を入れ替えた。また、2008年7月から9月にかけて、これらの場所のうちの16箇所で、空中昆虫を2つの小型光吸引トラップを用いて採集した。トラップの1つはレーダ信号ばく露下に置き、他の一つは対照とした。調査結果をまとめると、レーダアンテナが一方向の信号を生成するように固定された場合、すなわち、採餌中のコウモリのレーダービームへのばく露が最大化された場合、実験試行中の単位時間あたりのコウモリの活動および採餌努力は有意に低下した；一方、レーダはトラップに捕獲された昆虫の数に大きな影響を与えなかった、と報告している。
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To test the hypothesis if an electromagnetic signal from a small portable radar can exert an aversive response in foraging bats and aerial insects.
The study was performed to test whether radiofrequency electromagnetic fields could be used as a method of preventing bats from death caused by collisions with wind turbines. From June to September 2007 bat activity was compared at 20 foraging sites in northeast Scotland during experimental trials (radar switched on) and control trials (no radar signal). The order of trials were alternated between nights.
From July to September 2008 aerial insects at 16 of these sites were also sampled.
| ばく露 | パラメータ |
|---|---|
ばく露1:
Modulation type:
pulsed
ばく露時間:
continuous for 20 hr (bat activity) or 16 hr (insect count)
|
|
ばく露2:
Modulation type:
pulsed
ばく露時間:
continuous for 20 hr (bat activity) or 16 hr (insect count)
|
|
ばく露3:
Modulation type:
pulsed
ばく露時間:
continuous for 18 hr (bat activity) or 16 hr (insect count)
|
| 周波数 |
|
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| ばく露時間 | continuous for 20 hr (bat activity) or 16 hr (insect count) |
| Modulation type | pulsed |
|---|---|
| Pulse width | 0.08 µs |
| Duty cycle | 1.68 % |
| Repetition frequency | 2,100 Hz |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|---|
| ばく露装置の詳細 | antenna placed on a platform 2 m above ground level |
| 周波数 |
|
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| ばく露時間 | continuous for 20 hr (bat activity) or 16 hr (insect count) |
| Modulation type | pulsed |
|---|---|
| Pulse width | 0.08 µs |
| Duty cycle | 1.68 % |
| Repetition frequency | 2,100 Hz |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|---|
| ばく露装置の詳細 | antenna placed on a platform 2 m above ground level and fixed so that the signal beam was directed towards the area of the highest bat activity |
| 周波数 |
|
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| ばく露時間 | continuous for 18 hr (bat activity) or 16 hr (insect count) |
| Modulation type | pulsed |
|---|---|
| Pulse width | 0.3 µs |
| Duty cycle | 3.6 % |
| Repetition frequency | 1,200 Hz |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|---|
| ばく露装置の詳細 | antenna placed on a platform 2 m above ground level |
Bat activity and foraging effort were significantly reduced during experimental trials when the radar antenna was fixed to produce an unidirectional signal therefore maximising exposure of foraging bats to the radar beam. However, although bat activity was significantly reduced during experimental trials, the radar had no significant effect on the abundance of insects captured by the traps.
However, although bat activity was significantly reduced substantial numbers of bats continued to forage within the radar beam. It is possible that only a particular combination of wavelength, pulse repetition rate and power output may provoke a reaction.
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