To study the effects of pulsed magnetic fields on chick embryonic development.
440 fertilized eggs were divided into the following groups: 1) 50 Hz, 10 µT exposure group (n=123 eggs) and a control group (n=98) and 2) 100 Hz, 10 µT exposure group (n=121 eggs) and a control group (n=98).
Exposure | Parameters |
---|---|
Exposure 1:
50 Hz
Exposure duration:
1 s on - 0.5 s off - for 45 h, 15 days or 21 days
|
|
Exposure 2:
100 Hz
Exposure duration:
1 s on - 0.5 s off - for 45 h, 15 days or 21 days
|
|
Frequency | 50 Hz |
---|---|
Type | |
Waveform | |
Exposure duration | 1 s on - 0.5 s off - for 45 h, 15 days or 21 days |
Exposure source | |
---|---|
Setup | pair of Helmholtz coils with a radius of 70 cm, placed 70 cm apart; eggs in plastic trays positioned between the coils |
Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
magnetic flux density | 10 µT | - | measured | - | - |
Frequency | 100 Hz |
---|---|
Type | |
Waveform | |
Exposure duration | 1 s on - 0.5 s off - for 45 h, 15 days or 21 days |
Exposure source |
|
---|---|
Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
magnetic flux density | 10 µT | - | measured | - | - |
Embryos extracted at 45 h of exposure to electromagnetic fields of 50 Hz or 100 Hz had significantly fewer somite pairs compared with controls of the same age. At 15 days of incubation, only embryos exposed to a 50 Hz magnetic field had a significantly higher somatic weight compared with the control group. At 21 days of incubation, a significantly lower somatic weight and developmental stage was found in embryos exposed to a 100 Hz magnetic field than in controls, while a lower developmental stage alone was observed in those exposed to a 50 Hz magnetic field. In addition, animals showed higher expression of the neural marker NSE (neuron-specific enolase) in the optical lobe after 21 days of exposure, with a reduced expression of glycosaminoglycans.
These findings suggest that pulsed magnetic fields may be able to hinder normal embryonic development in vivo and to alter normal neural function, at least at the intensities and frequencies analyzed in the present study.
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