Study overviews

Please note that a publication can be assigned to several endpoints, i.e. the sum of publications from the individual thematic points and subpoints can be greater than the total sum of actual publications.

Experimental studies on magnetic power frequency fields (50/60 Hz)

2053 studies in total
  1. 765 studies
  2. 637 studies
  3. 517 studies
  4. 414 studies
  5. 330 studies
  6. 208 studies

DNA, proteins, and oxidative stress

637 studies in total
  1. 257 studies
  2. 212 studies
  3. 184 studies
  4. 47 studies

Gene/protein expression (in general) 257 studies in total

Authors Year Exposed system Parameters Magnetic flux density/field strength
Kim HJ et al. 2013 intact cell/cell culture, mesenchymal bone marrow stem cells 50/60 Hz, magnetic field 1 mT
Li SS et al. 2013 invertebrate, fruit fly (<i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>), whole body 50/60 Hz, magnetic field 3.03 mT
Solek P et al. 2018 - 50/60 Hz, magnetic field -
Sun Y et al. 2019 invertebrate, nematode (<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>)/wild type (strain N2) 50/60 Hz, magnetic field 3 mT
Qiu L et al. 2019 intact cell/cell culture, human amniotic (FL) cells 50/60 Hz, magnetic field 0.4 mT
Mahaki H et al. 2019 animal, rat/Wistar, whole body 50/60 Hz, magnetic field 1–2,000 µT
Merla C et al. 2019 - 50/60 Hz, magnetic field -
Molaei S et al. 2019 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body 50/60 Hz, magnetic field 1–2,000 µT
Zhang Y et al. 2020 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley, whole body 50/60 Hz, magnetic field 100–500 µT
Martínez MA et al. 2021 intact cell/cell culture, NB69 cells (human neuroblastoma cells) 50/60 Hz, magnetic field 100 µT
Drzewiecka EM et al. 2021 tissue slices 50/60 Hz, magnetic field 8 mT
Colciago A et al. 2021 intact cell/cell culture, HEI-193 cells (human vestibular schwannoma cell line derived from a NF2 patient) 50/60 Hz, magnetic field 0.1 T
Heidari S et al. 2021 intact cell/cell culture, human adenocarcinoma gastric cancer cell line (AGS) 50/60 Hz, magnetic field 0.2–2 mT
Mustafa E et al. 2022 intact cell/cell culture, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) 50/60 Hz, magnetic field -
Kozlowska W et al. 2021 tissue slices, endometrium tissue from pigs 50/60 Hz, magnetic field -
Karimi A et al. 2022 intact cell/cell culture, human malignant melanoma cell line (SK-MEL-37) 50/60 Hz, magnetic field -
Martínez MA et al. 2022 intact cell/cell culture, NB69 cells (human neuroblastoma cells) 50/60 Hz, magnetic field -
Gholamian-Hamadan M et al. 2023 animal, rat/Wistar 50/60 Hz, magnetic field -
Takahashi M et al. 2023 intact cell/cell culture, human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (CD34+ cells derived from human cord blood) 50/60 Hz, magnetic field -
Abdelhaliem EM et al. 2022 plant, maize (<i>Zea mais</i>) 50/60 Hz, magnetic field -
Yahyapour R et al. 2023 intact cell/cell culture, T98 (glioma cell line) 50/60 Hz, magnetic field, also other exposures without EMF -
Sanie-Jahromi F et al. 2018 - 50/60 Hz, magnetic field, co-exposure -
Sanie-Jahromi F et al. 2017 - 50/60 Hz, magnetic field, co-exposure -
Benassi B et al. 2019 intact cell/cell culture, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) 50/60 Hz, magnetic field, co-exposure 1 mT
Wang Z et al. 2024 intact cell/cell culture, RSC96 cells, animal, rat/Sprague Dawley 50/60 Hz, magnetic field, signals/pulses, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure -
Nasrabadi N et al. 2018 intact cell/cell culture, human retinal pigment epithelial cells 50/60 Hz, signals/pulses, magnetic field 1 mT
Chen G et al. 2012 intact cell/cell culture, yeast (<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>)/S288C GSM, mobile communications, RF field, PW pulsed wave, magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 0.4 mT
Lian HY et al. 2018 - RF field, 50/60 Hz, magnetic field -
Lin KW et al. 2016 intact cell/cell culture, yeast (<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>)/SB34 RF field, microwaves, electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 6 mT
Kuzniar A et al. 2017 intact cell/cell culture, VH10 (human fibroblasts), U2OS (human osteosarcoma cells) and IB10 (mouse embryonic stem cells) UMTS, mobile communications, W-LAN/WiFi, RF field, 50/60 Hz, low frequency, magnetic field -
Phillips JL et al. 1986 intact cell/cell culture, human colon carcinoma cell line (Colo 205 and Colo 320 DM) electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 100 µT
Phillips JL 1986 intact cell/cell culture, human colon carcinoma cell line (Colo 205) electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.1 mT
Goodman R et al. 1994 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 cells (human acute myeloid leukaemia cell line) and yeast cells (<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>) electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.1–80 µT
Greene JJ et al. 1991 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 cells (human acute myeloid leukaemia cell line) electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Lin H et al. 1994 intact cell/cell culture, HeLa cell line (human adenocarcinoma cell line), transfected electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, shielding/field deprivation 8–80 µT
Antonini RA et al. 2006 intact cell/cell culture, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) low frequency, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, magnetic field 1–2 mT
Ning J et al. 1992 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells), Daudi (Burkitt's lymphoma cell line) cells and normal human lymphocytes low frequency, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz, magnetic field 0.1 mT
Karabakhtsian R et al. 1994 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 8 µT
Desjobert H et al. 1995 intact cell/cell culture, human Epstein-Barr-virus-immortalized lymphoid cells and human leukemic cell line (HL-60) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 10 µT–1 mT
Goodman R et al. 1992 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 80 µT
Phillips JL et al. 1992 intact cell/cell culture, CEM-CM3 (human acute lymphoblastic leukemia) cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.1 mT
Saffer JD et al. 1995 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells) and Daudi (Burkitt's lymphoma cell line) cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 57 µT–1 mT
Pieroni L et al. 1998 intact cell/cell culture, virus/bacteriophages, murine B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes infected with a murine retrovirus (Mo-MLV) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Owen RD 1998 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 370 nT–6.3 µT
Loberg LI et al. 1999 intact cell/cell culture, HBL-100 (human breast cancer cell line) and HME (human non-transformed mammary epithelial cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Lin H et al. 1996 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.8–80 µT
Gold S et al. 1994 intact cell/cell culture, HAL cells (SV40 origin defective mutant transformed human fibroblast cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 8 µT
Lacy-Hulbert A et al. 1995 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 cells (human acute myeloid leukaemia cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.1–100 µT
Rao S et al. 1996 intact cell/cell culture, HeLa cell line (human adenocarcinoma cell line), transfected magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 6 µT
Jin M et al. 1997 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells), two different populations: Columbia University Cancer Center (CUCC), American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 8 µT