A total of 80 rats was divided into the following groups (groups sizes not mentioned): exposure to a magnetic field of 1) 1 µT, 2) 100 µT, 3) 500 µT, 4) 2000 µT and 5) control group. Blood was drawn from all animals for the first time after the first month of exposure (pre-immunization phase). Then animals were injected with humanserumalbumin three times over the course of the second month to stimulate the immune system. At the end of exposure (after 2 months; post-immunization phase), all animals were killed, the second blood sample was drawn and spleens were removed.
Mahdavinejad L et al.
(2018):
Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields Decrease Serum Levels of Interleukin-17, Transforming Growth Factor-β and Downregulate Foxp3 Expression in the Spleen
Salehi I et al.
(2013):
Exposure of rats to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) alters cytokines production
Serum level of IL-1β was significantly decreased in groups 1 and 2 (1 µT and 100 µT) at pre-immunization phase compared to the control group, whereas IL-23 level was significantly increased in group 2 at post-immunization phase compared to the control group. No significant differences were observed among IL-1 β and IL-23 between post- and pre-immunization phases in any group. The expression levels of BLIMP-1, XBP-1 and IRF-4 were significantly decreased in group 2 compared to the control group at post-immunization phase. The authors conclude that exposure of rats to a weak 50 Hzmagnetic field (100 µT) may decrease inflammation and immune response after short exposure durations and increase it after longer durations.
Mahaki H et al.
(2020):
Effects of Various Densities of 50 Hz Electromagnetic Field on Serum IL-9, IL-10, and TNF-α Levels
Mahaki H et al.
(2019):
A review on the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) on cytokines of innate and adaptive immunity
Sobhanifard M et al.
(2019):
Effect of Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Expression of T-bet and GATA-3 Genes and Serum Interferon-γ and Interleukin-4
Mahdavinejad L et al.
(2018):
Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields Decrease Serum Levels of Interleukin-17, Transforming Growth Factor-β and Downregulate Foxp3 Expression in the Spleen
Wyszkowska J et al.
(2018):
Evaluation of the influence of in vivo exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields on the plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in rats
Zhang H et al.
(2016):
Protective effect of procyanidins extracted from the lotus seedpod on immune function injury induced by extremely low frequency electromagnetic field
Luo X et al.
(2016):
Occupational exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields does not alter responses of inflammatory genes and activation of splenic lymphocytes in mice
Salehi I et al.
(2013):
Exposure of rats to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) alters cytokines production
Touitou Y et al.
(2013):
Long-term (up to 20 years) effects of 50-Hz magnetic field exposure on immune system and hematological parameters in healthy men
Selmaoui B et al.
(2011):
Acute exposure to 50-Hz magnetic fields increases interleukin-6 in young healthy men
Hefeneider SH et al.
(2001):
Long-term effects of 60 Hz electric vs. magnetic fields on IL-1 and IL-2 activity in sheep
Häußler M et al.
(1999):
Exposure of rats to a 50-Hz, 100 µTesla magnetic field does not affect the ex vivo production of interleukins by activated T or B lymphocytes
Mevissen M et al.
(1998):
Complex effects of long-term 50 Hz magnetic field exposure in vivo on immune functions in female Sprague-Dawley rats depend on duration of exposure
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