Medical/biological study (experimental study)

Exposure of ELF-EMF and RF-EMF Increase the Rate of Glucose Transport and TCA Cycle in Budding Yeast med./bio.

By: Lin KW, Yang CJ, Lian HY, Cai P

Published in: Front Microbiol 2016; 7: 1378

Aim of study (acc. to author)

The effects of exposure of yeast cells to a 50 Hz or 2 GHz electro-magnetic field on the global gene expression should be investigated.

Background/further details

Cells were divided into 3 groups: 1) exposure to the 50 Hz field, 2) exposure to the 2 GHz field, 3) control group.

Endpoint

molecular biosynthesis: global gene expression

Exposure

- 50 Hz–2 GHz
- 50/60 Hz
- electric field
- magnetic field
- RF
- microwaves

Exposure	Parameters
Exposure 1: 50 Hz Exposure duration: continuous for 96 hours	magnetic flux density: 6 mT electric field strength: 205 V/m
Exposure 2: 2 GHz Modulation type: CW Exposure duration: continuous for 96 hours	SAR: 0.12 W/kg mean (cf. remarks) (for a single cell) electric field strength: 20 V/m (at position of cells)

Exposure 1

Main characteristics

Frequency	50 Hz
Type	electric field magnetic field
Exposure duration	continuous for 96 hours

Exposure setup

Exposure source	solenoid
Chamber	plates placed between coils in incubator
Setup	two combined solenoid systems were placed in incubator; each solenoid was 15 cm in length and 40 cm in diameter and was wrapped with 260 turns of single-strand copper wire; the distance between the closest ends of the two coils was 15 cm; temperature remained stable at 30°C
Additional info	the incubator for the control group was placed in an area where the magnetic field was equal to the background level

Parameters

Measurand	Value	Type	Method	Mass	Remarks
magnetic flux density	6 mT	-	measured	-	-
electric field strength	205 V/m	-	measured	-	-

Additional parameter details

in the sample area (round in shape with a diameter of 24 cm), the difference in the magnetic field strength was less than 5%

Exposure 2

Main characteristics

Frequency	2 GHz
Type	electromagnetic field
Waveform	sinusoidal
Exposure duration	continuous for 96 hours

Modulation

Modulation type	CW

Exposure setup

Exposure source	antenna
Chamber	plates
Setup	the antenna of the exposure system was placed 24 cm above the sample area; the temperature was stable at 30°C

Parameters

Measurand	Value	Type	Method	Mass	Remarks
SAR	0.12 W/kg	mean	calculated	cf. remarks	for a single cell
electric field strength	20 V/m	-	measured	-	at position of cells

Measurement and calculation details

SAR was calculated with Finite Difference Time Domain

Exposed system:

intact cell/cell culture
yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)/SB34

Methods Endpoint/measurement parameters/methodology

molecular biosynthesis: global gene expression (differential gene expression method, Illumina sequencing chip and validation with real-time RT-PCR, pathway analysis (gene mapping with KEGG data base)

Investigated system:

DNA/RNA

Time of investigation:

after exposure

Main outcome of study (acc. to author)

A total of 8 genes was found in group 1 (50 Hz exposure) which were significantly upregulated while 1 gene was significantly downregulated compared to the control group. In group 2 (2 GHz exposure), a total of 7 genes was significantly upregulated while 3 genes were significantly downregulated compared to the control group.
Further analysis revealed that both exposures significantly upregulated the expression of genes involved in glucose transportation and the citric acid cycle, but not the glycolysis pathway.
The authors conclude that exposure of yeast cells to a 50 Hz or 2 GHz electro-magnetic field might increase the gene expression rate of genes involved in cell metabolism.

Study character:

medical/biological study
experimental study
full/main study

Study funded by

Chinese Academy of Sciences
National Natural Science Foundation (NSFC), China
National Natural Science Foundation of Fujian, China
Xiamen Science and Technology Projects

Chen G et al. (2012): Using model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae to evaluate the effects of ELF-MF and RF-EMF exposure on global gene expression
Collard JF et al. (2011): In vitro study of the effects of ELF electric fields on gene expression in human epidermal cells
Anton-Leberre V et al. (2010): Exposure to high static or pulsed magnetic fields does not affect cellular processes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
McNamee JP et al. (2009): Radiofrequency radiation and gene/protein expression: a review
Blankenburg M et al. (2009): High-Throughput Omics Technologies: Potential Tools for the Investigation of Influences of EMF on Biological Systems
Vanderstraeten J et al. (2008): Gene and protein expression following exposure to radiofrequency fields from mobile phones
Sinclair J et al. (2006): Proteomic response of Schizosaccharomyces pombe to static and oscillating extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields
Luceri C et al. (2005): Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields do not affect DNA damage and gene expression profiles of yeast and human lymphocytes
Nakasono S et al. (2003): Effect of power-frequency magnetic fields on genome-scale gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Binninger DM et al. (1997): Effects of 60 Hz AC magnetic fields on gene expression following exposure over multiple cell generations using Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Weisbrot DR et al. (1993): The effect of low frequency electric and magnetic fields on gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Exposure of ELF-EMF and RF-EMF Increase the Rate of Glucose Transport and TCA Cycle in Budding Yeast med./bio.

Aim of study (acc. to author)

Background/further details

Endpoint

Exposure

Exposure 1

Main characteristics

Exposure setup

Parameters

Additional parameter details

Exposure 2

Main characteristics

Modulation

Exposure setup

Parameters

Measurement and calculation details

Methods Endpoint/measurement parameters/methodology

Main outcome of study (acc. to author)

Study funded by

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