Study overviews

Please note that a publication can be assigned to several endpoints, i.e. the sum of publications from the individual thematic points and subpoints can be greater than the total sum of actual publications.

Experimental studies on magnetic power frequency fields (50/60 Hz)

2053 studies in total
  1. 765 studies
  2. 637 studies
  3. 517 studies
  4. 414 studies
  5. 330 studies
  6. 208 studies

Cells

517 studies in total
  1. 254 studies
  2. 127 studies
  3. 100 studies
  4. 90 studies
  5. 86 studies
  6. 69 studies
  7. 7 studies

Apoptosis/cell death 100 studies in total

Authors Year Exposed system Parameters Magnetic flux density/field strength
Blumenthal NC et al. 1997 intact cell/cell culture, rat tendon fibroblasts and rat bone marrow osteoprogenitor cells (Sprague-Dawley rat) magnetic field, static magnetic field, intermediate frequency, 50/60 Hz 0.25–0.5 mT
Tofani S et al. 2001 intact cell/cell culture, WiDr (colon adenocarcinoma cells), MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma cells), MRC-5 (embryonal lung cells), animal, mouse/CD-1 nu-nu (nude), whole body magnetic field, static magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, DC 300 µT–2.5 mT
Jia HL et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, PC-12 cells (pheochromocytoma cell line from rat adrenal gland) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 400 µT
Qiu L et al. 2016 intact cell/cell culture, human amniotic (FL) cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.4 mT
Santini MT et al. 2003 intact cell/cell culture, human osteosarcoma cell lines (MG-63 and Saos-2) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 500 µT
Duan W et al. 2014 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 500 µT
Hu Y et al. 2016 animal, mouse/3xTg and 129/C57BL/6, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 500 µT
Cho S et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, human lymphocytes magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 0.8 mT
Simko M et al. 1998 intact cell/cell culture, AFC cells (human amniotic fluid cell line) and SCL II cells (human squamous cell carcinoma cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
McNamee JP et al. 2002 animal, mouse/ICR, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Pirozzoli MC et al. 2003 intact cell/cell culture, LAN-5 (human neuroblastoma cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Palumbo R et al. 2006 intact cell/cell culture, Jurkat cells (T lymphocyte hybridoma cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, co-exposure 1 mT
Garip AI et al. 2010 intact cell/cell culture, K562 cells (human erythroleukemic cell line) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Podda MV et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, neural stem cells from newborn mice, animal, mouse/C57BL/6, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Giorgi G et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, human neuroblastoma cell line (BE(2)C) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 1 mT
Benassi B et al. 2016 intact cell/cell culture, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 1 mT
Nasrabadi N et al. 2018 intact cell/cell culture, human retinal pigment epithelial cells 50/60 Hz, signals/pulses, magnetic field 1 mT
Stankevičiūtė M et al. 2019 invertebrate, animal, rainbow trout eggs/larvae (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>), Baltic clam (<i>Limecola balthica</i>) and common ragworm (<i>Hediste diversicolor</i>), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Santini MT et al. 2005 intact cell/cell culture, K562 cells (human erythroleukemic cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1–5 mT
Cecconi S et al. 2000 intact cell/cell culture, ovarian follicles from mice (Swiss CD1) magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz 1.5 mT
Schimmelpfeng J et al. 1997 intact cell/cell culture, SV40-swiss-3T3 cells (mouse fibroblast cell line) and HL-60 cells (human acute myeloid leukaemia cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 2 mT
Kroupova J et al. 2007 intact cell/cell culture, A549 (human adenocarcinoma cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 2 mT
Lopucki M et al. 2003 isolated organ, human placentae (after delivery) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 2 mT
Zeng Y et al. 2017 intact cell/cell culture, primary hippocampal neurons from rat embryos 50/60 Hz, magnetic field 2 mT
Crocetti S et al. 2013 intact cell/cell culture, MCF-7 cells (human breast cancer cell line) and MCF-10 cells (human non-tumorigenic breast epithelial cell line) and C2C12 cells (mouse myoblast cell line) magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz 2–5 mT
Ding Z et al. 2017 intact cell/cell culture, B95-8 cells (marmoset lymphocytes), BALB/3T3 cells (embryonal mouse fibroblasts) 50/60 Hz, magnetic field, co-exposure 2.3 mT
Solek P et al. 2017 intact cell/cell culture, GC-1 cells (murine spermatogonia cell line); GC-2 cells (murine spermatocyte cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, signals/pulses 2.5–8 mT
Roushangar L et al. 2007 animal, rat/Wistar magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 3 mT
Kiray A et al. 2013 animal, rat/Wistar, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 3 mT
Teimori F et al. 2016 animal, rat/Wistar, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 3 mT
Kim J et al. 2010 intact cell/cell culture, HeLa cell line (human adenocarcinoma cell line) and IMR90 (human lung fibroblasts) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 3–6 mT
Pang L et al. 2002 intact cell/cell culture, K562 cells (human erythroleukemic cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 4.4–13 mT
Cios A et al. 2021 intact cell/cell culture, HEK293 (kidney cells), 786-O, 769-P, and Caki1 (clear cell renal carcinoma cell lines) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 4.5 mT
Ding GR et al. 2001 intact cell/cell culture, MCF-7 (human breast cancer cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 5 mT
Tian F et al. 2002 intact cell/cell culture, CHO-K1 (Chinese hamster ovary K1) cells (Ku80-proficient) und xrs5 cells (Ku80-defizient; radiation sensitive mutant isolated from CHO-K1 cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 5 mT
Ding GR et al. 2004 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 5 mT
Akbarnejad Z et al. 2017 intact cell/cell culture, U87 (human glioblastoma cell line) magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz 5–10 mT
Yin C et al. 2016 intact cell/cell culture, primary hippocampal neurons from newborn Sprague-Dawley rats magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 8 mT
Zhang H et al. 2016 animal, mouse/ICR magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 8 mT
Berg H 2003 intact cell/cell culture, human myeloid leukemia cell line (K-562) and human non-Hodgkin lymphoma cell line (U-937) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 8–55 mT
Berg H et al. 2003 intact cell/cell culture, K562 cells (human erythroleukemic cell line) and U937 cells (human leukemic monocyte cell line) and human lymphocytes magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 10–35 mT
Baharara J et al. 2016 intact cell/cell culture, A2780 cells (cisplatin-resistant human ovarian adenocarcinoma cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 20 mT
Kaszuba-Zwoinska J et al. 2010 intact cell/cell culture, U937 (human leukemic monocyte cell line) magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 45 mT
Hisamitsu T et al. 1997 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 and ML-1 cells (human acute myeloid leukaemia cell lines) and human peripheral blood lymphocytes and human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 45 mT
Kaszuba-Zwoinska J et al. 2012 intact cell/cell culture, Mono Mac 6 cells (human monocytes) magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 45 mT
Juszczak K et al. 2012 intact cell/cell culture, urothelial cells (primary culture from urinary bladders of female Wistar rats) magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz, electrotherapy 45 mT
Narita K et al. 1997 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells) und peripheral blood cells magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 45–180 mT
Guo H et al. 2004 intact cell/cell culture, SNU cells (human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 97 mT
Oda T et al. 2004 intact cell/cell culture, rat cerebellar granule cells magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 300 mT
Basile A et al. 2011 intact cell/cell culture, human melanoma cell lines (M14 and A375), animal, mouse/BALB/c nu/nu mic with M14 xenografts, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 30 A/m