Mobile phone related articles are
Please note that a publication can be assigned to several endpoints, i.e. the sum of publications from the individual thematic points and subpoints can be greater than the total sum of actual publications.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zhou GQ et al. | 2024 | animal, C57BL/6 mouse | - | 3.5 GHz | - | - | mobile communications, 5G, PW pulsed wave |
Tripathi R et al. | 2024 | - | - | 1.76–1.92 GHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure |
Dasdag S et al. | 2000 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body | birth weight, blood parameters | 890–915 MHz | 0.155 W/kg | repeated daily exposure for 3 x 1 min during 2 h/day, see add. information | GSM, mobile communications, microwaves |
Cicek E et al. | 2009 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body | bone fracture | 900 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 30 min/day, for 28 days | mobile phone, digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, CW continuous wave |
Yildiz M et al. | 2006 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body | bone mineral density | 900 MHz | 2 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 30 min/day, 5 days/week, for 4 weeks | mobile communications, mobile phone |
Atay T et al. | 2009 | human, partial body: iliac bone | bone mineral density of Iiliac bone wings | 900–1,800 MHz | - | 14.7 h/ day for 6.2 years (mean value) | mobile communications, mobile phone |
Thorlin T et al. | 2006 | intact cell/cell culture | cell reactivity/cell damage | 906.6 MHz | 3.1–54 W/kg | continuous for 4, 8, and 24 h | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, microwaves |
Kang KA et al. | 2014 | intact cell/cell culture, NIH3T3 cells (mouse fibroblasts), U87 (human glioma cells), PC12 (rat pheochromocytoma cells), SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cells) | cell viability, oxidative stress | 837–1,950 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours | mobile phone, CDMA, W-CDMA, mobile communications, co-exposure |
Jin YB et al. | 2011 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body | chronic illness (body and organ weights, urinalysis, haematological and blood biochemical analysis, histopathological changes) | 849 MHz–1.95 GHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 45 min/day, 5 days/week for 12 months | CDMA, W-CDMA, mobile communications |
Kowalczuk C et al. | 2010 | intact cell/cell culture, tissue slices, cell suspensions, IMR 32 (human neuroblastoma cells), G361 (human melanoma cells), HF-19 (human fibroblasts), N2a (murine neuroblastoma cells; differentiated and non-differentiated); CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells | demodulation ability of living cells and tissues (second harmonic generation) | 880–890 MHz | 2.5–10.6 mW/g | < 10 minutes (typically, a second harmonic test took around 2-3 min.) | mobile phone, mobile communications, RF field, CW continuous wave |
Sommer AM et al. | 2009 | animal, mouse/C57BL, whole body | developmental parameters, reproductive ability in parental animals | 2 GHz | 0.08–1.3 W/kg | continuous for 570 days with a 30 min break each night | UMTS, mobile communications |
Peyman A et al. | 2001 | different tissues in dead rats (brain, skin, skull, messeter muscle, salivary glands, liver, kidney, spleen, tongue, tail) | dielectric properties of rat tissues | 130 MHz–10 GHz | - | - | mobile communications, digital mobile phone, GSM, UMTS, RF field, microwaves |
Weisbrot D et al. | 2003 | invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>/Oregon-R, whole body | different biological effects on <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> | 1,900 MHz | 1.4 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 2 times 60 min with a 4-h interval, for 10 days | GSM, mobile communications |
Meral I et al. | 2007 | animal, guinea pig, whole body | different blood vitamin levels, oxidative stress in the brain | 890–915 MHz | 0.95 W/kg | continuous for 12 h/day (11 h 45 min stand-by mode, 15 min speaking mode) on 30 days | mobile communications, mobile phone, RF field |
Hansen V et al. | 1996 | DNA/RNA, bacterium, virus/bacteriophages, <i>Escherichia coli</i>/WP2, WP2uvrA, W575 | effects on biological material (enzyme activity, survival of bacteriophages, and DNA damage) | 900 MHz | 11.75–87 mW/kg | continuous for about 100 days or about 30 days | GSM, mobile communications |
Terao Y et al. | 2007 | human, partial body: head (right ear) | effects on eye (cortical processing/saccade performance) | 800 MHz | 0.054 W/kg | continuous for 30 min | digital mobile phone, TDMA, mobile communications |
Okano T et al. | 2010 | human, partial body: head (left ear) | effects on eye (cortical processing/saccade performance) | 1.95 GHz | - | continuous for 30 min | mobile phone, mobile communications, PW pulsed wave |
Hässig M et al. | 2009 | animal, calf, whole body | effects on eye (nuclear cataract; oxidative stress) | - | - | continuous for 1 year | mobile communications, mobile phone base station, GSM, UMTS |
Acar GO et al. | 2009 | animal, rabbit/New Zealand albino, partial body: ear | effects on facial nerves and surrounding soft tissue | 1,900 MHz | 3.72 W/kg | continuous for 25 min | mobile communications, mobile phone, microwaves |
Fasseas MK et al. | 2015 | invertebrate, nematode (<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>)/N2 (wild type), DR1572, DR26, TK22, CL4176, NL5901, RB864, CL2070 (<i>hsp-16.2</i>), CF1553 (<i>sod-3</i>), SJ4005 (<i>hsp-4</i>), LG333 (<i>skn-1</i>), LD1171 (<i>gcs-1</i>) and CL2166 (<i>gst-4</i>) | effects on fertility, neurodegeneration, short-term memory, chemotaxis, stress, apoptosis, life span and growth of <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> | 1,780–1,800 MHz | - | continuous for 0.5, 1, 3, 6 or 24 h | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, PW pulsed wave, DECT, W-LAN/WiFi |
Weber S et al. | 2008 | homeopathically diluted (D30) thyroxine | effects on homeopathically prepared thyroxine | 50 Hz–2.45 GHz | - | continuous for 100 s | mobile communications, microw. oven/heating device, 2.45 GHz, 50/60 Hz |
Suanjak-Treidl E et al. | 2006 | homeopathically diluted (D30) thyroxine | effects on homeopathically prepared thyroxine | 900–1,800 MHz | 0.8 W/kg | intermittent, 5 x 20 s | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Tafforeau M et al. | 2002 | plant, flax (<i>Linum usitatissimum</i> L. var Ariane) | effects on plants/number of meristems | 0.9 GHz | - | continuous for 2 h | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Sharma VP et al. | 2010 | plant, mung bean (<i>Vigna radiata</i>)/Wilczek cv. ML-5 | effects on plants: germination and growth | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Singh HP et al. | 2012 | plant, mung bean (<i>Vigna radiata</i>)/Wilczek, hypocotyls | effects on plants: root growth (rhizogenesis) and oxidative stress | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 0.5, 1, 2 h | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Sharma VP et al. | 2009 | plant, mung bean | effects on plants: root growth and oxidative stress | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 hr, 4 hr | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Zareen N et al. | 2009 | animal, chicken embryos/Desi (eggs), whole body | effects on the eye: retinal differentiation | 1,800 MHz | - | 15 min twice daily for up to 15 days | mobile phone, mobile communications, RF field |
Irlenbusch L et al. | 2007 | human, partial body: head | effects on the visual system | 902.4 MHz | 0.003–0.007 W/kg | continuous for 30 min | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Esmekaya MA et al. | 2010 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body | effects on thyroid gland | 900 MHz | 1.35 W/kg | continuous for 20 min./day on 21 days | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, PW pulsed wave |
Dasdag S et al. | 2014 | animal, rat/Wistar albino, partial body: head | enamel micro hardness | 890–915 MHz | 0.0369–2.023 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours/d for 10 months | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Aslan A et al. | 2013 | animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body | fracture healing | 900 MHz | 8 mW/kg | 30 min/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks | mobile phone, mobile communications, RF field |
Contalbrigo L et al. | 2009 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body | haematochemical parameters (glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol) | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 19 hr/day - number of exposure days not given in this article | GSM, mobile phone, mobile communications, RF field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Yoon SY et al. | 2011 | intact cell/cell culture, human scalp hair follicle preparations (of three individuals), human dermal papilla cells (hDPC), NIH3T3 cells (mouse fibroblasts), C2C12 cells (undifferentiated myoblasts and differentiated myotubes), HeLa cell line (human adenocarcinoma cell line), OSE-80PC | hair growth <i>in vitro</i> and <i>ex vivo</i> | 1,763 MHz | 2–10 W/kg | continuous for 1 h or 3 h | CDMA, mobile communications, RF field |
Lindholm H et al. | 2011 | human, partial body: head (right ear) | head temperature | 902.4 MHz | 0.66–4.3 W/kg | continuous for 15 min | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Bartsch H et al. | 2010 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body | health and survival (mortality) | 900 MHz | 38–80 mW/kg | continuous (except times for feeding, cleaning, health inspection, etc.): 24 months (exp. I), 17 (exp. II), 36 (exp. III), and 37 (exp. IV) months | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Koca O et al. | 2013 | animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body | histopathologic changes in the kidney | 1,800 MHz | 1.52 W/kg | 8 h/day speech mode, 16 h/day standby mode for 20 days | mobile phone, mobile communications, CW continuous wave |
Dasdag S et al. | 2011 | animal, rat/Wistar albino and Sprague-Dawley, whole body | histopathological changes of the nasal mucosa and the nose skin | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 2 h/day, 7 days/week for 10 months | mobile communications, digital mobile phone, GSM, microwaves, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Favre D | 2011 | invertebrate, honeybee (<i>Apis mellifera carnica</i>) | honeybee behavior | 900 MHz | 0.271–0.98 W/kg | continuous for 45 min - 20 h | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Sharma VP et al. | 2010 | invertebrate, honeybee (<i>Apis mellifera</i> L.) | honeybee behaviour | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 15 min. twice per day, twice per week from February to April ( 1100 hr and 1500 hr in total) | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Meo SA et al. | 2013 | animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body | insulin level in serum, fasting blood glucose level | 1,800 MHz | - | less than 15 min/day for 3 month | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Sokolovic D et al. | 2012 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body | locomotor activity, stress and anxiety related behavior, exploratory behavior, body mass | 900 MHz | 0.043–0.135 W/kg | continuous for 4 h/day on 60 days | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, microwaves, CW continuous wave, co-exposure |
Sefidbakht Y et al. | 2013 | isolated bio./chem. substance, luciferase solution | luciferase structure and enzyme activity | 940 MHz | 0.021 W/g | exposure duration not given clearly (30 min?) | mobile phone, mobile communications, RF field |
Yan JG et al. | 2009 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body | mRNA synthesis (gene expression) of several injury-associated proteins | 800 MHz | 0.9–1.8 W/kg | 2 times 3 hr / day (with 30 min rest period between exposures), on 7 days/week for 18 weeks | mobile communications, mobile phone, analog mobile phone, digital mobile phone, CDMA |
Hirose H et al. | 2008 | intact cell/cell culture, BALB/3T3 cells (clone A31-1-1) | malignant/neoplastic cell transformation | 2.1425 GHz | 80–800 mW/kg | continuous for 6 weeks | mobile phone base station, CDMA, mobile communications |
Lerchl A et al. | 2008 | animal, Djungarian hamster (<i>Phodopus sungorus</i>), whole body | metabolic effects (body weight, melatonin levels) | 383 MHz | 80 mW/kg | continuous for 60 days | digital mobile phone, GSM, TETRA/TETRAPOL, mobile communications |
Kumar NR et al. | 2011 | invertebrate, honeybee (<i>Apis mellifera</i> L.) | metabolism of honey bees | - | - | continuous for 10, 20 or 40 min | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Roti Roti JL et al. | 2001 | intact cell/cell culture, C3H 10T1/2 cells (derived from mouse embryo fibroblasts) | neoplastic transformation | 835.62 MHz | 0.6 W/kg | continuous for 7 or 42 days | mobile communications, CDMA, FDMA |
Partsvania B et al. | 2011 | isolated organ, nervous system (ganglia) of the snail <i>Helix pomatia</i> | neuronal electrophysiology (neuron memory process and excitability) | 900 MHz | 0.63 W/kg | continuous for 60 min | mobile communications, mobile phone |
Yariktas M et al. | 2005 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body | nitric oxide level nasal and sinus mucosa | 900 MHz | - | repeated daily exposure, 30 min/day, 5 days/week for 2 weeks | digital mobile phone, mobile communications |
Everaert J et al. | 2007 | animal, house sparrow (<i>Passer domesticus</i>), whole body | number of house sparrow males | 925–960 MHz | - | during the breeding period | mobile phone base station, GSM, mobile communications |
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