Study overviews

Please note that a publication can be assigned to several endpoints, i.e. the sum of publications from the individual thematic points and subpoints can be greater than the total sum of actual publications.

Experimental studies on magnetic power frequency fields (50/60 Hz)

2053 studies in total
  1. 765 studies
  2. 637 studies
  3. 517 studies
  4. 414 studies
  5. 330 studies
  6. 208 studies

DNA, proteins, and oxidative stress

637 studies in total
  1. 257 studies
  2. 212 studies
  3. 184 studies
  4. 47 studies

Gene/protein expression (in general) 257 studies in total

Authors Year Exposed system Parameters Magnetic flux density/field strength
Consales C et al. 2018 intact cell/cell culture, human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) and mouse primary cortical neurons (PCN) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Nasrabadi N et al. 2018 intact cell/cell culture, human retinal pigment epithelial cells 50/60 Hz, signals/pulses, magnetic field 1 mT
Benassi B et al. 2019 intact cell/cell culture, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) 50/60 Hz, magnetic field, co-exposure 1 mT
Costantini E et al. 2019 intact cell/cell culture, primary human gingival fibroblasts signals/pulses, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Gao Q et al. 2021 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley (focal ischemia model), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Antonini RA et al. 2006 intact cell/cell culture, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) low frequency, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, magnetic field 1–2 mT
Benfante R et al. 2008 intact cell/cell culture, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line 1–2 mT
Delle Monache S et al. 2013 intact cell/cell culture, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and mouse pancreatic endothelial cell line (MS-1) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 1–2 mT
Seong Y et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs), mouse neural stem cells, animal, mouse, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1–2 mT
Hilz FM et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, primary articular chondrocytes (from calf fetlock joints) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 1–3 mT
Liu Y et al. 2015 intact cell/cell culture, GC-2 cells (murine spermatocyte-derived cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1–3 mT
Liu Y et al. 2015 intact cell/cell culture, GC-2 cells (murine spermatocyte-derived cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1–3 mT
Liu Y et al. 2016 intact cell/cell culture, GC-2 cells (murine spermatocyte-derived cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1–3 mT
Domínguez G et al. 2021 intact cell/cell culture, MDCK cells (Madin-Darby canine kidney cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1–5 mT
Tunik S et al. 2013 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz 1.5 mT
Huang CY et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, HaCaT cells (human keratinocytes) partially transfected with CHK2 siRNA magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, shielding/field deprivation 1.5 mT
Huang CY et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, human epidermal keratinocytes (derived from neonatal foreskin) and HaCaT cells (human keratinocytes) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1.5 mT
Ardeshirylajimi A et al. 2015 intact cell/cell culture, human induced pluripotent stem cells magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz 1.5 mT
Zhou J et al. 2021 intact cell/cell culture, newborn rat calvarial osteoblasts, animal, rat/Wistar magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, low frequency 1.8 mT
Harrison GH et al. 1997 intact cell/cell culture, A172 (human glioblastoma cells), MCF7 WT(human breast cancer cell line) and HeLa S3 (human cervical carcinoma cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 2 mT
Balcer-Kubiczek EK et al. 1998 DNA/RNA, intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 2 mT
Balcer-Kubiczek EK et al. 2000 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 cells (human acute myeloid leukaemia cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 2 mT
Schmidt-Rohlfing B et al. 2008 intact cell/cell culture, chondrocytes (from human articular cartilage of osteoarthritic knee joints) magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz, electrotherapy 2 mT
Hasanzadeh H et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 2 mT
Gomez-Ochoa I et al. 2011 intact cell/cell culture, mononuclear cells (from human peripheral blood) magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz, electrotherapy 2.25 mT
Kropinski AM et al. 1994 bacterium, <i>Escherichia coli</i>/JM83 magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 3 mT
Sun Y et al. 2018 invertebrate, nematode (<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>)/wild type (strain N2), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 3 mT
Sun Y et al. 2019 invertebrate, nematode (<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>)/wild type (strain N2) 50/60 Hz, magnetic field 3 mT
Li SS et al. 2013 invertebrate, fruit fly (<i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>), whole body 50/60 Hz, magnetic field 3.03 mT
Sun L et al. 2019 intact cell/cell culture, fungi/<i>Irpex lacteus</i> magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 3.5 mT
Feng B et al. 2016 intact cell/cell culture, human amniotic epithelial cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 4 mT
Jiang Y et al. 2016 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz 4 mT
Miyakoshi J et al. 1996 intact cell/cell culture, CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 5 mT
Ding GR et al. 2000 intact cell/cell culture, MO54 cells (derived from a human malignant glioma) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 5 mT
Ding GR et al. 2001 intact cell/cell culture, MCF-7 (human breast cancer cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 5 mT
Ding GR et al. 2002 intact cell/cell culture, MO54 cells (derived from a human malignant glioma) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 5 mT
Tuncel H et al. 2002 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 5 mT
Tuncel H et al. 2013 animal, rat/ Wistar, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 5 mT
Miyakoshi J et al. 1998 intact cell/cell culture, CHO-K1 (Chinese hamster ovary K1) cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 5–400 mT
Jedrzejczak-Silicka M et al. 2021 intact cell/cell culture, L929 cells (murine fibroblast cells) and HaCaT cells (human keratinocytes cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, low frequency 5.9–28.4 mT
Lin KW et al. 2016 intact cell/cell culture, yeast (<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>)/SB34 RF field, microwaves, electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 6 mT
Dehghani-Soltani S et al. 2021 intact cell/cell culture, A172 (human glioblastoma cells) and T98 cell line magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, signals/pulses, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF 7 mT
Nakasono S et al. 2000 bacterium, <i>Escherichia coli</i>/K12 magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 7.8–14 mT
Battini R et al. 1991 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz 8 mT
Duan Y et al. 2014 animal, mouse/ICR, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 8 mT
Drzewiecka EM et al. 2021 isolated organ, tissue slices, fragments of myometrium magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, low frequency 8 mT
Drzewiecka EM et al. 2021 tissue slices 50/60 Hz, magnetic field 8 mT
Shi B et al. 2003 intact cell/cell culture, human fibroblasts (derived from neonatal foreskin) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 8.4 mT
Nakasono S et al. 2003 intact cell/cell culture, yeast (<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 10 mT
Urnukhsaikhan E et al. 2016 intact cell/cell culture, human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz 10 mT