To investigate the effects of pulsed and sinusoidal magnetic fields on the protein expression levels of E-cadherin, type IV collagen, matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 as well as histopathological changes in the rat kidney.
Rats were divided into three groups (n=9 per group): 1.) cage control, 2.) exposure to a pulsed magnetic field and 3.) exposure to a sinusoidal magnetic field.
| Exposure | Parameters |
|---|---|
|
Exposure 1:
50 Hz
Exposure duration:
continuous for 6 h/day during 5 days a week for 28 days
|
|
|
Exposure 2:
50 Hz
Exposure duration:
continuous for 6 h/day during 5 days a week for 28 days
|
|
| Exposure source | |
|---|---|
| Chamber | rats were exposed in methacrylate cages |
| Setup | two pairs of Helmholtz coils in a Faraday cage (130 x 65 x 80 cm), magnet was constructed by winding 125 turns of insulated soft copper wire with adiameter of 1.5 mm, coils were placed vertically facing one another, distance between coils was 47 cm |
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| magnetic flux density | 1.5 mT | - | measured | - | - |
| Frequency | 50 Hz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Waveform | |
| Exposure duration | continuous for 6 h/day during 5 days a week for 28 days |
| Additional info | sinusoidal |
| Exposure source |
|
|---|
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| magnetic flux density | 1.5 mT | - | - | - | - |
In the cage control group, the histological examination revealed a normal structure of the kidneys. However, in the group exposed to pulsed magnetic fields, degenerative changes were observed in the renal tubuli as well as a thickening of the basement membranes and hemorrhage. In the group exposed to sinusoidal magnetic fields, hypertrophy of the glomeruli, narrowing of Bowman's space, inflammatory cell infilitration, degeneration of the renal tubuli and thickening of the basement membrane were found.
The protein expression levels of E-cadherin and matrix metalloproteinase-9 were significantly increased in both exposure groups in comparison to the cage control group. No significant differences were observed between the groups regarding the protein expression level of type IV collagen and matrix metalloproteinase-2.
The authors conclude that exposure to pulsed or sinusoidal magnetic fields could induce histopathological and molecular changes in the kidney of rats.
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