Study overviews

Please note that a publication can be assigned to several endpoints, i.e. the sum of publications from the individual thematic points and subpoints can be greater than the total sum of actual publications.

Experimental studies on magnetic power frequency fields (50/60 Hz)

2053 studies in total
  1. 765 studies
  2. 637 studies
  3. 517 studies
  4. 414 studies
  5. 330 studies
  6. 208 studies

DNA, proteins, and oxidative stress

637 studies in total
  1. 257 studies
  2. 212 studies
  3. 184 studies
  4. 47 studies

Gene/protein expression (in general) 257 studies in total

Authors Year Exposed system Parameters Magnetic flux density/field strength
Ning J et al. 1992 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells), Daudi (Burkitt's lymphoma cell line) cells and normal human lymphocytes low frequency, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz, magnetic field 0.1 mT
Masiuk M et al. 2008 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells), K-562 (chronic myelogenous leukemia) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 10–20 mT
Jin M et al. 1997 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells), two different populations: Columbia University Cancer Center (CUCC), American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 8 µT
Lin H et al. 1998 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human promyelocytic leukemia cells), MCF-7, T-47D, and HTB-124 cell lines (human breast cancer cell lines) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 8 µT
Lacy-Hulbert A et al. 1995 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 cells (human acute myeloid leukaemia cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.1–100 µT
Greene JJ et al. 1991 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 cells (human acute myeloid leukaemia cell line) electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Pipkin JL et al. 1999 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 cells (human acute myeloid leukaemia cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 100 µT–1 mT
Greene JJ et al. 1993 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 cells (human acute myeloid leukaemia cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Balcer-Kubiczek EK et al. 2000 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 cells (human acute myeloid leukaemia cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 2 mT
Lin H et al. 1995 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 cells (human acute myeloid leukaemia cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 6.7 µT
Goodman R et al. 1994 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 cells (human acute myeloid leukaemia cell line) and yeast cells (<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>) electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.1–80 µT
Nie K et al. 2003 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 cells (human acute myeloid leukaemia cell line), MCF-7 cells (breast cancer cell line), 3Y1 cells (rat fibroblast cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, shielding/field deprivation 100 µT
Loberg LI et al. 2000 intact cell/cell culture, HME (human mammary epithelial cells), HBL-100 (transformed human mammary epithelial cells), HL-60 (human promyelocytic leukemia) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.01–1 mT
Vianale G et al. 2008 intact cell/cell culture, HaCaT cells (human keratinocytes) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Patruno A et al. 2010 intact cell/cell culture, HaCaT cells (human keratinocytes) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, electrotherapy 1 mT
Patruno A et al. 2015 intact cell/cell culture, HaCaT cells (human keratinocytes) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 1 mT
Huang CY et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, HaCaT cells (human keratinocytes) partially transfected with CHK2 siRNA magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, shielding/field deprivation 1.5 mT
D'Angelo C et al. 2015 intact cell/cell culture, HaCaT cells (human keratinocytes), SH-SY5Y cells (human neuroblastoma cell line),THP-1 cells (human monocytic leukemia cell line), K562 cells (human erythroleukemic cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Rao S et al. 1996 intact cell/cell culture, HeLa cell line (human adenocarcinoma cell line), transfected magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 6 µT
Lin H et al. 1994 intact cell/cell culture, HeLa cell line (human adenocarcinoma cell line), transfected electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, shielding/field deprivation 8–80 µT
Lin H et al. 1999 intact cell/cell culture, HeLa cell line (human adenocarcinoma cell line), transfected magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 8 µT
Lin H et al. 2001 intact cell/cell culture, HeLa cell line (human adenocarcinoma cell line), transfected magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 8 µT
Manzella N et al. 2015 intact cell/cell culture, HuDe cells (human dermal fibroblasts) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.1 mT
Rao RR et al. 2002 intact cell/cell culture, IMR 32 (human neuroblastoma cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 50–200 µT
Heredia-Rojas JA et al. 2010 intact cell/cell culture, INER-37 (human non-small-cell lung cancer cell line) and RMA E7 cells (E7-transfected mouse RMA lymphoma cells), transfected with the plasmid pEMF (electromagnetic field plasmid containing hsp70 promotor and the luciferase gene as reporter gene) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 8–80 µT
Still M et al. 2002 intact cell/cell culture, Jurkat cells (clone E6-1; T-lymphocyte hybridoma cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, DC, static magnetic field 10–100 µT
Patruno A et al. 2015 intact cell/cell culture, K562 cells (human erythroleukemic cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Jedrzejczak-Silicka M et al. 2021 intact cell/cell culture, L929 cells (murine fibroblast cells) and HaCaT cells (human keratinocytes cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, low frequency 5.9–28.4 mT
Girgert R et al. 2008 intact cell/cell culture, MCF-7 (breast cancer cell line, p40 and p181 clone) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 1.2 µT
Girgert R et al. 2009 intact cell/cell culture, MCF-7 (breast cancer cell line, p40 and p181 clone) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 1.2 µT
Ding GR et al. 2001 intact cell/cell culture, MCF-7 (human breast cancer cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 5 mT
Li H et al. 2005 intact cell/cell culture, MCF-7 (human breast cancer cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.4 mT
Sanie-Jahromi F et al. 2016 intact cell/cell culture, MCF-7 (human breast cancer cell line) and SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 0.25–0.5 mT
Dees C et al. 1996 intact cell/cell culture, MCF-7 and T-47D cell lines (human breast cancer cell lines) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 1.2–900 µT
Mousavi M et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, MCF-7 cells (human breast cancer cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 0.04 T
Mahmoudinasab H et al. 2016 intact cell/cell culture, MCF-7 cells (human breast cancer cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.25–0.5 mT
Mahmoudinasab H et al. 2016 intact cell/cell culture, MCF-7 cells (human breast cancer cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.25–0.5 mT
Lee HC et al. 2015 intact cell/cell culture, MCF10 A (human breast epithelial cell line), MCF7 (human breast cancer cell line), Jurkat cells (human lymphoblastoid T cell line), NIH3T3 (mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.1–2 mT
Lazzarini R et al. 2023 intact cell/cell culture, MDA-MB-231 cells (breast cancer cell line) and MDA-MB-231 (human breast cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz -
Domínguez G et al. 2021 intact cell/cell culture, MDCK cells (Madin-Darby canine kidney cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1–5 mT
Ding GR et al. 2000 intact cell/cell culture, MO54 cells (derived from a human malignant glioma) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 5 mT
Ding GR et al. 2002 intact cell/cell culture, MO54 cells (derived from a human malignant glioma) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 5 mT
Somosy Z et al. 2004 intact cell/cell culture, Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 500 µT
Uckun FM et al. 1995 intact cell/cell culture, NALM-6 cells (B cell precursor leukemia cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 100 µT
Martínez MA et al. 2021 intact cell/cell culture, NB69 cells (human neuroblastoma cells) 50/60 Hz, magnetic field 100 µT
Martínez MA et al. 2022 intact cell/cell culture, NB69 cells (human neuroblastoma cells) 50/60 Hz, magnetic field -
Campbell-Beachler M et al. 1998 intact cell/cell culture, PC-12 cells (pheochromocytoma cell line from rat adrenal gland) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 12.5–100 µT
Wang Z et al. 2024 intact cell/cell culture, RSC96 cells, animal, rat/Sprague Dawley 50/60 Hz, magnetic field, signals/pulses, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure -
Kanitz MH et al. 2007 intact cell/cell culture, SF767 (human glioma cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, electrotherapy, therapeutic/medical device 1.2 µT
Savage Jr RE et al. 2005 intact cell/cell culture, SF767 (human glioma cell line) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 1.2 µT